Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus

ABSTRACT

There is provided an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in which ultrasonic waves are transmitted into the subject, the ultrasonic waves reflected within the subject are received to obtain received signals, and an image is produced in accordance with the received signals thus obtained, and particularly to an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus having a function of guiding a puncture needle to be introduced into the subject. Of a scanning area formed with a number of scanning lines scanned by ultrasonic waves, within the subject, a first area including a part or a whole of a passage of a puncture needle is scanned with a scanning density higher than that of a second area, excepting the first area, of said scanning area.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus inwhich ultrasonic waves are transmitted into a subject, the ultrasonicwaves reflected within the subject are received to obtain receivedsignals, and an image is produced in accordance with the receivedsignals. More particularly, the present invention relates to anultrasonic diagnostic apparatus having a function of guiding a punctureneedle to be introduced into a subject.

2. Description of the Related Art

Hitherto, there has been widely used for the purpose of diagnoses of adisease an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in which ultrasonic waves aretransmitted into a subject, particularly, a human body, and theultrasonic waves reflected at tissues within the subject are received toobtain received signals, so that an image is produced in accordance withthe received signals thus obtained.

In some cases, it happens that for the purpose of picking of a part oftissues of the affected part for a diagnosis, while an image of theaffected part within the subject, which is obtained with the use of theultrasonic diagnostic apparatus as mentioned above, is observed, or forthe purpose of injecting medical liquid into the affected part, apuncture needle is introduced into the affected part within the subject.

An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprises, usually, an ultrasonicdiagnostic apparatus main frame and an ultrasonic probe to be connectedto the main frame. When a puncture needle is to be introduced into thesubject, a guide member for guiding the puncture needle to be introducedinto the subject is loaded onto the ultrasonic probe main body. The mainbody has a guide passage through which the puncture needle is introducedinto the subject, so that the puncture needle is controlled by anoperator in such a manner that it reaches a desired position while theoperator observes an image of the seat of the disease.

The puncture needle is a hollow tube like an injection needle. Forexample, a tissue of the effected part is picked out through the tube ofthe puncture needle. The extracted tissue is submitted for apathological examination and the like, and is used for a determination,for example, as to whether it is concerned with a malignant disease or abenign disease. Incidentally, while it was explained that the guidemember is loaded onto the ultrasonic probe main body, it is acceptablethat the ultrasonic probe main body and the guidemember are formed intoa unitary body. However, also in the following explanation, it will becontinued assuming that the guide member is detachably loaded onto theultrasonic probe main body.

FIG. 21 is a typical illustration of an ultrasonic probe in the statethat a puncture needle is introduced into the subject. FIG. 22 is anillustration of an image by means of ultrasonic waves in such a state.

An ultrasonic probe 20 comprises a main frame 21 and a guide member 22which is detachably loaded onto the main frame 21. On the tip of themain frame 21, there is arranged a plurality of ultrasonic transducers211 (e.g. 128 pieces) as a circular arc by way of example. Theultrasonic transducers 211 are connected through a cable 212 to anultrasonic diagnostic apparatus main frame (not illustrated).

To obtain an ultrasonic image, the tip of the ultrasonic probe 20 is putto the subject 1 so as to sequentially perform a transmit-receiveoperation for ultrasonic beams along a plurality of scanning lines 2each extending from the tip of the ultrasonic probe into the subject 1.In this manner, a scan of the inside of the subject by a series oftransmit-receive operations for ultrasonic beams makes it possible toobtain received signals representative of an ultrasonic image within ascanning area 3 defined by the plurality of scanning lines 2. Thereceived signals thus obtained are subjected to various types ofprocessing and then transmitted to an observation monitor television(not illustrated), so that the associated image within the scanning area3 is displayed on a display screen 707a (cf. FIG. 22) of the observationmonitor television.

To introduce a puncture needle 30 into the subject, the guide member 22is loaded onto the main frame 21. As shown in FIG. 22, on an imagescreen, there is displayed a diagram 30a representative of a passage ofthe puncture needle 30, with being superposed on the image within thescanning area 3. The ultrasonic probe 20 is controlled in its positionand direction to be put to the subject 1 so that an affected part 11 towhich the puncture needle 30 is intended to be introduced and thediagram 30a indicative of the passage of the puncture needle 30intersect. Under such a control of the ultrasonic probe 20, the punctureneedle 30 is introduced into the subject 1 along a guide passage 22a ofthe guide member 22. In this manner, it is possible to introduce thepuncture needle 30 into a desired position within the subject with acertain degree of reliability. Incidentally, in the above-description,while it was explained that the diagram 30a indicative of the passage ofthe puncture needle 30 is displayed on the display screen 707a, there isan ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus having no such a display function forthe diagram.

When it is practiced such a puncture technique that a puncture needle isintroduced into the subject to pick out tissues within the subject orinject a medical liquid into tissues within the subject, a lowresolution of an image makes it difficult for an operator to exactlygrasp a position of the puncture needle inserted into the subject.Further, it is difficult to adjust the tip of the puncture needle to adesired small point of the affected part 11. This is one of causes whichmake it difficult to exactly perform the puncture technique.Furthermore, even if there is displayed on the image screen a diagramindicative of the passage of the puncture needle, it happens that thepuncture needle travels with being curved somewhat at the boundary oftissues within the subject, and thus the puncture needle does not alwaystravel as indicated by the diagram. For these reasons, it is necessaryto exactly grasp a position of the puncture needle indeed inserted intothe subject. In the event that a position of the puncture needle cannotbe exactly grasped, this is in danger of injuring blood vessels,internal organs or the like other than the site to which the punctureneedle is intended to be introduced.

In order to solve these problem, there has been proposed a scheme inwhich a predetermined image area, which is located along a guidancedirection for the puncture needle, is subjected to an image processingdifferent from that for other image area, whereby it is easy to see thepuncture needle on the image screen (cf. Japanese Patent ApplicationLaid Open Gazette Sho. 63-290550).

The above-mentioned scheme fails to propose a solution as to what imageprocessing is practiced to easily see the puncture needle, although itis understood as to such a requirement that the puncture needle isdisplayed so as to be easy to see. Even if the puncture needle isdisplayed so as to be easy to see in accordance with the imageprocessing, in order that the puncture needle reaches a desired pointwithout injuring blood vessels, internal organs or the like other thanthe site to which the puncture needle is intended to be introduced, itis insufficient that only the puncture needle is displayed so as to beeasy to see, and it is necessary to display also images of other thanthe puncture needle, for example, blood vessels, internal organs or thelike within the subject.

Hitherto, there have been developed and proposed various types of imageprocessings in which both the puncture needle and the blood vessels,internal organs or the like within the subject are subjected to an imageprocessing in such a manner that they are easiest to see in the earliertechnology of the field of the image processing. However, there remainssuch a problem that the position of the puncture needle is difficult tobe grasped. Accordingly, the above-mentioned scheme such that thepassage area of the puncture needle and another area are simplydifferentiated from each other in an image processing cannot implementan image which permits the position of the puncture needle to be exactlygrasped, and also permits the puncture needle to reach a desired pointwithout injuring blood vessels, internal organs or the like other thanthe site to which the puncture needle is intended to be introduced.

An image for an observation is usually determined in its resolution(e.g. density of scan lines 2 shown in FIG. 21) in view of the framerate as an index indicative of the number of sheets of images capable ofbeing obtained per unit time. To perform a puncture technique, there isa need to provide an image having a higher resolution than that of theimage for an observation, and thus the image for an observation isessentially insufficient in its resolution. On the other hand, if it isintended that the resolution of the image is enhanced, then the framerate will be decreased, since the resolution is determined in view of abalance with the frame rate, as mentioned above. As a result, a changeof images cannot follow a velocity at which the puncture needle isintroduced into the subject. This involves a problem which makes itdifficult to perform a puncture technique with accuracy in the point ofthe frame rate.

Further, there is proposed such a technology that a tip portion of apuncture needle is vibrated by an oscillator to pick up a variation ofthe signals by a vibration, thereby exactly detect the tip position ofthe puncture needle (cf. U.S. Pat. No. 5,095,910). Specifically,according to the technology disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,095,910, thetip position of the puncture needle is detected in such a manner that aDoppler transition of a frequency of ultrasonic waves reflected on thetip of the puncture needle, which occurs owing to the vibration of thetip of the puncture needle, is detected.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the foregoing, it is therefore an object of the presentinvention to provide an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus having afunction of producing an image suitable for exactly practicing apuncture technique.

To achieve the above-mentioned objects, according to the presentinvention, there is provided a first ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus inwhich transmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along a pluralityof scanning lines extending to an inside of a subject are repeatedlyperformed to scan the inside of the subject, and an image on a scanningarea defined by the plurality of scanning lines is produced inaccordance with a received signal obtained by the scanning, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:

an ultrasonic probe having a main frame having at least one ultrasonictransducer put to the subject to perform transmission of ultrasonicwaves into the subject and reception of ultrasonic waves reflectedwithin the subject, and a guide member for guiding a puncture needleintroduced into the subject;

a transmit-receive unit for driving said ultrasonic transducer tosequentially generate ultrasonic waves travelling along the plurality ofscanning lines, and deriving received signals by means of receiving bythe ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic waves reflected within the subjectand returned to the ultrasonic transducer; and

an image producing unit for producing an image based on the receivedsignal,

wherein said transmit-receive unit has a first transmit-receive mode inwhich said scanning area is scanned with a predetermined scanningdensity, and a second transmit-receive mode in which, of said scanningarea, a predetermined first area including a part or a whole of apassage of the puncture needle is scanned with a scanning density higherthan that of a second area, excepting the first area, of said scanningarea.

According to the first ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, there areprovided the first transmit-receive mode in which said scanning area isscanned with a predetermined scanning density, that is, thetransmit-receive mode for scanning the whole of the scanning area so asto obtain a resolution and a frame rate which are balanced with eachother for an image observation, similar to that of the earliertechnology, and in addition a second transmit-receive mode in which, ofsaid scanning area, a predetermined first area including a part or awhole of a passage of the puncture needle is scanned with a scanningdensity higher than that of a second area, excepting the first area, ofsaid scanning area, that is, the transmit-receive mode in which aresolution of the passage area (the first area) of the puncture needleis enhanced, even if a resolution of an area (the second area) otherthan the passage area (the first area) of the puncture needle islowered. Thus, the use of the second transmit-receive mode makes itpossible, when the puncture technique is practiced, to improve theresolution of the passage of the puncture needle without greatlydecreasing the frame rate, and makes it possible to grasp withsufficient accuracy the position of the puncture needle actuallyintroduced and the arrangement position of tissues of the subject, andalso to obtain an image capable of sufficiently following the rate ofintroducing of the puncture.

It is to be noted that the above-noted term "scanning density" impliesthe scanning density in the event that once transmit-receive ofultrasonic beams is countered as a piece of scanning line. Specifically,even if ultrasonic beams travelling along the same path are concerned,as known, a plurality of ultrasonic beams, which are mutually differentin focal position, are sequentially transmitted and received therebyenhancing the resolution of images. Therefore, according to the presentinvention, in the event that even if ultrasonic beams travelling alongthe same path are concerned, the ultrasonic beams are transmitted andreceived a plurality of number of times on a sheet of image (frame), thenumber of pieces of scanning lines along the same path is countered asthe same number of pieces as the number of times of transmit-receive ofultrasonic beams.

According to a second ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, it ischaracterized by a second transmit-receive mode in which, of saidscanning area, a predetermined first area including a part or a whole ofa passage of the puncture needle is scanned with a scanning densityhigher than that of the first transmit-receive mode, instead of thesecond transmit-receive mode in which, of said scanning area, apredetermined first area including a part or a whole of a passage of thepuncture needle is scanned with a scanning density higher than that of asecond area, excepting the first area, of said scanning area, as in thefirst ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.

According to the second ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, in the secondtransmit-receive mode, the scanning on the second area referred to thefirst ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to the present inventionis omitted. In a similar fashion to that of the first ultrasonicdiagnostic apparatus according to the present invention, it is possibleto provide images having a resolution and a frame rate easy to practicethe puncture technique.

Here, in the first or second ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, it isacceptable that the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus further comprises atransmit-receive mode selection handler for optionally selecting betweenthe first transmit-receive mode and the second transmit-receive mode.And it is also acceptable that said guide member is detachably loadedonto said main frame, said ultrasonic probe has a sensor for detectingwhether said guide member is loaded onto said main frame, and saidtransmit-receive unit is switched in an operation mode between the firsttransmit-receive mode and the second transmit-receive mode according asa loading of said guide member onto said main frame is detected by saidsensor or not. In this case, it is preferable that said sensor detectswhether said guide member is loaded onto said main frame, and inaddition identifies a type of the guide member loaded onto the mainframe, and said transmit-receive unit sets up the first area inaccordance with the type of the guide member.

Since a direction of introducing a puncture needle into the subject isdetermined in accordance with the guide member, for permitting apuncture needle to be introduced into the different depth position ofthe subject, it is necessary to provide a plurality of guide membersdetachably loaded onto the main frame, mutually different in directionof introducing a puncture needle into the subject. In this case, it isconsidered that there will occur a necessity of varying the first areato improve the resolution in accordance with types of the guide members.For this reason, the sensor is provided with the function of identifyinga type of the guide member loaded, and the first area is set up inaccordance with the type of the guide member loaded. This feature makesit possible to significantly improve an operability as compared with anarrangement in which the first area is controlled to meet the guidemember loaded through an operation by a handler, for example.

In the first or second ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, it is acceptablethat the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus further comprises anoscillation mechanism for vibrating a tip of the puncture needle, andsaid transmit-receive unit receives vibrations of the tip of thepuncture needle transferred to the ultrasonic transducer, detects aposition of the tip of the puncture needle, and sets up the first areain accordance with a detected position of the tip of the punctureneedle.

Further, it is acceptable that said ultrasonic probe has a sensor formeasuring a length of a portion of a tip end of the puncture needlepassing through said guide member, and said transmit-receive unit setsup the first area in accordance with the length measured by said sensor.

In the first or second ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, it is acceptablethat said image producing unit has a function of superimposing a figurerepresentative of the passage of the puncture needle on an image basedon the received signal; said ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus has afigure superimposing selection handler for performing a selection as towhether the figure is to be superimposed on the image; and saidtransmit-receive unit is switched in an operation mode between the firsttransmit-receive mode and the second transmit-receive mode according assaid figure superimposing selection handler selects a state that thefigure is to be superimposed on the image, or not.

As mentioned above, in the event that there is provided the handler forperforming an operation associated with the puncture technique, aplurality of operations associated with the puncture technique may besimultaneously selected through a single handler thereby improving anoperability.

Further, in the first or second ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, it ispreferable that said image producing unit has a first image producingmode for producing a first image representative of the whole area ofsaid scanning area, and a second image producing mode for producing asecond image representative of an enlarged area consisting of a partialarea including at least part of the passage of the puncture needle, ofsaid scanning area, or an enlarged area consisting of the whole area ofsaid scanning area, a size per unit area within the subject of thesecond image being enlarged more than the first image.

This feature makes it possible to not only improve a resolution, butalso to provide an enlarged image which is more preferable and easy tosee for the puncture technique.

In the aspect, it is acceptable that the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatusfurther comprises an image producing mode selection handler foroptionally selecting between the first image producing mode and thesecond image producing mode. It is also acceptable that said guidemember is detachably loaded onto said main frame, said ultrasonic probehas a sensor for detecting whether said guide member is loaded onto saidmain frame, and said image producing unit is switched in an operationmode between the first image producing mode and the second imageproducing mode according as a loading of said guide member onto saidmain frame is detected by said sensor or not. In a case where the sensoris provided, it is preferable that said sensor detects whether saidguide member is loaded onto said main frame, and in addition identifiesa type of the guide member loaded onto the main frame, and said imageproducing unit sets up the enlarged area in accordance with the type ofthe guide member.

As mentioned above, a guiding direction of a puncture needle into thesubject is varied in accordance with types of the guide member. In thiscase, it happens that it is preferable that the enlarged area is variedin accordance with types of the guide members. For this reason, thesensor is provided with the function of identifying a type of the guidemember loaded, and the enlarged area is set up in accordance with thetype of the guide member loaded. This feature makes it possible tosignificantly improve an operability as compared with an arrangement inwhich the enlarged area is manually set up.

In the aspect having the first image producing mode and the second imageproducing mode in the first or second ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus,it is acceptable that the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus furthercomprises an oscillation mechanism for vibrating a tip of the punctureneedle, wherein said transmit-receive unit receives vibrations of thetip of the puncture needle transferred to the ultrasonic transducer, anddetects a position of the tip of the puncture needle, and said imageproducing unit sets up the enlarged area in accordance with a detectedposition of the tip of the puncture needle.

It is also acceptable that said ultrasonic probe has a sensor formeasuring a length of a portion of a tip end of the puncture needlepassing through said guide member, and said image producing unit sets upthe enlarged area in accordance with the length measured by said sensor.

Further, in the aspect having the first image producing mode and thesecond image producing mode in the first or second ultrasonic diagnosticapparatus, it is acceptable that said image producing unit has afunction of superimposing a figure representative of the passage of thepuncture needle on an image based on the received signal; saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus has a figure superimposing selectionhandler for performing a selection as to whether the figure is to besuperimposed on the image; and said image producing unit is switched inan operation mode between the first image producing mode and the secondimage producing mode according as said figure superimposing selectionhandler selects a state that the figure is to be superimposed on theimage, or not.

In a similar fashion to that of a selection between the firsttransmit-receive mode and the second transmit-receive mode, as mentionedabove, the common use of the figure superimposing selection handler forselection between the first image producing mode and the second imageproducing mode makes it possible to enhance the operability.

To achieve the above-mentioned objects, according to the presentinvention, there is provided a third ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus inwhich transmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along a pluralityof scanning lines extending to an inside of a subject are repeatedlyperformed to scan the inside of the subject, and an image on a scanningarea defined by the plurality of scanning lines is produced inaccordance with a received signal obtained by the scanning, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:

an ultrasonic probe having a main frame having at least one ultrasonictransducer put to the subject to perform transmission of ultrasonicwaves into the subject and reception of ultrasonic waves reflectedwithin the subject, and a guide member for guiding a puncture needleintroduced into the subject;

a transmit-receive unit for driving said ultrasonic transducer tosequentially generate ultrasonic waves travelling along the plurality ofscanning lines, and deriving received signals by means of receiving bythe ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic waves reflected within the subjectand returned to the ultrasonic transducer;

an image producing unit for producing an image based on the receivedsignal; and

an oscillation mechanism for vibrating a tip of the puncture needle,

wherein said transmit-receive unit receives vibrations of the tip of thepuncture needle transferred to the ultrasonic transducer, detects aposition of the tip of the puncture needle, and drives said ultrasonictransducer so as to form the ultrasonic beam having a frequencyaccording to a detected position of the tip of the puncture needle.

While transmit-receive of the ultrasonic beam having a high frequencymakes it possible to improve a resolution, the ultrasonic beam having ahigh frequency involves a great amount of attenuation. Thus, it isdifficult to obtain images on deep portions within the subject. In viewof the foregoing, when the tip of the puncture needle is located at theshallow site within the subject in accordance with the position of thetip of the puncture needle detected, a high frequency of ultrasonic beamis used for the transmit-receive to improve the resolution of images. Onthe other hand, as the tip of the puncture needle is introduced into thedeep portion of the subject, a lower frequency of ultrasonic beam isused for the transmit-receive. Thus, it is possible to produce a highresolution of image in its entirety as much as possible.

To achieve the above-mentioned objects, according to the presentinvention, there is provided a fourth ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus inwhich transmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along a pluralityof scanning lines extending to an inside of a subject are repeatedlyperformed to scan the inside of the subject, and an image on a scanningarea defined by the plurality of scanning lines is produced inaccordance with a received signal obtained by the scanning, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:

an ultrasonic probe having a main frame having at least one ultrasonictransducer put to the subject to perform transmission of ultrasonicwaves into the subject and reception of ultrasonic waves reflectedwithin the subject, and a guide member for guiding a puncture needleintroduced into the subject;

a transmit-receive unit for driving said ultrasonic transducer tosequentially generate ultrasonic waves travelling along the plurality ofscanning lines, and deriving received signals by means of receiving bythe ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic waves reflected within the subjectand returned to the ultrasonic transducer;

an image producing unit for producing an image based on the receivedsignal; and

an oscillation mechanism for vibrating a tip of the puncture needle,

wherein said transmit-receive unit receives vibrations of the tip of thepuncture needle transferred to the ultrasonic transducer, detects aposition of the tip of the puncture needle, and drives said ultrasonictransducer so as to form the ultrasonic beam with a period according toa detected position of the tip of the puncture needle.

While shortening a period of the formation of the ultrasonic beam makesit possible to improve a frame rate, and if the frame rate is maintainedconstant, then it is possible to improve a resolution through increasingthe number of scanning lines, there is a limit in shortening of theperiod, since time is required for propagation of the ultrasonic beam asto transmitting the ultrasonic beam up to a deep position within thesubject and receiving the ultrasonic beam reflected on the deepposition. In view of the foregoing, when the tip of the puncture needleis located at the shallow site within the subject, a period oftransmit-receive of ultrasonic beam is shortened to improve the framerate or the resolution of images. On the other hand, as the tip of thepuncture needle is introduced into the deep portion of the subject, aperiod of transmit-receive of ultrasonic beam is extended. Thus, it ispossible to obtain images controlled with a high level in the frame rateand the resolution in its entirety.

To achieve the above-mentioned objects, according to the presentinvention, there is provided a fifth ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus inwhich transmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along a pluralityof scanning lines extending to an inside of a subject are repeatedlyperformed to scan the inside of the subject, and an image on a scanningarea defined by the plurality of scanning lines is produced inaccordance with a received signal obtained by the scanning, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:

an ultrasonic probe having a main frame having at least one ultrasonictransducer put to the subject to perform transmission of ultrasonicwaves into the subject and reception of ultrasonic waves reflectedwithin the subject, and a guide member for guiding a puncture needleintroduced into the subject;

a transmit-receive unit for driving said ultrasonic transducer tosequentially generate ultrasonic waves travelling along the plurality ofscanning lines, and deriving received signals by means of receiving bythe ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic waves reflected within the subjectand returned to the ultrasonic transducer;

an image producing unit for producing an image based on the receivedsignal; and

an oscillation mechanism for vibrating a tip of the puncture needle,

wherein said transmit-receive unit receives vibrations of the tip of thepuncture needle transferred to the ultrasonic transducer, detects aposition of the tip of the puncture needle, and drives said ultrasonictransducer so as to vary a focal distance of the ultrasonic beam inaccordance with a detected position of the tip of the puncture needle.

When the puncture technique is practiced, an area or region of the mostinterest is the area of the vicinity of the tip of the puncture needle.Consequently, it is preferable that a resolution of the image of such anarea is improved. On the other hand, a beam diameter of an ultrasonicbeam is not even along the longitudinal direction of the ultrasonicbeam. The ultrasonic beam is provided with a focus having the finestbeam diameter at a certain depth position. A resolution is enhanced withthe finer beam diameter. Thus, a focus of the ultrasonic beam is formedat the depth position according to the position of the tip of thepuncture needle, thereby producing a high resolution of image suitablefor the puncture technique.

To achieve the above-mentioned objects, according to the presentinvention, there is provided a sixth ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus inwhich transmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along a pluralityof scanning lines extending to an inside of a subject are repeatedlyperformed to scan the inside of the subject, and an image on a scanningarea defined by the plurality of scanning lines is produced inaccordance with a received signal obtained by the scanning, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:

an ultrasonic probe having a main frame having at least one ultrasonictransducer put to the subject to perform transmission of ultrasonicwaves into the subject and reception of ultrasonic waves reflectedwithin the subject, and a guide member for guiding a puncture needleintroduced into the subject;

a transmit-receive unit for driving said ultrasonic transducer tosequentially generate ultrasonic waves travelling along the plurality ofscanning lines, and deriving received signals by means of receiving bythe ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic waves reflected within the subjectand returned to the ultrasonic transducer; and

an image producing unit for producing an image based on the receivedsignal,

wherein said ultrasonic probe has a sensor for measuring a length of aportion of a tip end of the puncture needle passing through said guidemember, and

said transmit-receive unit drives said ultrasonic transducer so as toform the ultrasonic beam having a frequency according to a lengthmeasured by said sensor.

According to the sixth ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, a frequency ofthe ultrasonic wave is altered in accordance with a length of a portionof a tip of the puncture needle introduced. This feature makes itpossible to produce a higher resolution of image in accordance with alength of a portion of a tip of the puncture needle introduced as muchas possible, similar to the third ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.

To achieve the above-mentioned objects, according to the presentinvention, there is provided a seventh ultrasonic diagnostic apparatusin which transmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along aplurality of scanning lines extending to an inside of a subject arerepeatedly performed to scan the inside of the subject, and an image ona scanning area defined by the plurality of scanning lines is producedin accordance with a received signal obtained by the scanning, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:

an ultrasonic probe having a main frame having at least one ultrasonictransducer put to the subject to perform transmission of ultrasonicwaves into the subject and reception of ultrasonic waves reflectedwithin the subject, and a guide member for guiding a puncture needleintroduced into the subject;

a transmit-receive unit for driving said ultrasonic transducer tosequentially generate ultrasonic waves travelling along the plurality ofscanning lines, and deriving received signals by means of receiving bythe ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic waves reflected within the subjectand returned to the ultrasonic transducer; and

an image producing unit for producing an image based on the receivedsignal,

wherein said ultrasonic probe has a sensor for measuring a length of aportion of a tip end of the puncture needle passing through said guidemember, and

said transmit-receive unit drives said ultrasonic transducer so as tosequentially form ultrasonic beams with a period according to a lengthmeasured by said sensor.

According to the seventh ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, similar to thefourth ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, a period for formation of theultrasonic beam is controlled. This feature makes it possible to produceimages suitable for the puncture technique, controlled with high levelin the frame rate and the resolution.

To achieve the above-mentioned objects, according to the presentinvention, there is provided an eighth ultrasonic diagnostic apparatusin which transmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along aplurality of scanning lines extending to an inside of a subject arerepeatedly performed to scan the inside of the subject, and an image ona scanning area defined by the plurality of scanning lines is producedin accordance with a received signal obtained by the scanning, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:

an ultrasonic probe having a main frame having at least one ultrasonictransducer put to the subject to perform transmission of ultrasonicwaves into the subject and reception of ultrasonic waves reflectedwithin the subject, and a guide member for guiding a puncture needleintroduced into the subject;

a transmit-receive unit for driving said ultrasonic transducer tosequentially generate ultrasonic waves travelling along the plurality ofscanning lines, and deriving received signals by means of receiving bythe ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic waves reflected within the subjectand returned to the ultrasonic transducer; and

an image producing unit for producing an image based on the receivedsignal,

wherein said ultrasonic probe has a sensor for measuring a length of aportion of a tip end of the puncture needle passing through said guidemember, and

said transmit-receive unit drives said ultrasonic transducer so as tovary a focal distance of the ultrasonic beam in accordance with a lengthmeasured by said sensor.

According to the eighth ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, a focalposition of the ultrasonic beam is controlled in accordance with alength of a portion of a tip of the puncture needle introduced. Thisfeature makes it possible to produce a higher resolution of imagesuitable for the puncture technique, similar to the fifth ultrasonicdiagnostic apparatus.

Here, while it is acceptable that the first to eighth ultrasonicdiagnostic apparatus are to produce images on the plane scanning areaspreading on a two-dimensional basis, it is preferable that transmissionand reception of ultrasonic beams along a plurality of scanning linesarranged on a three-dimensional basis extending to the inside of thesubject are repeatedly performed to scan the inside of the subject, andan image on a three-dimensional scanning area defined by the pluralityof scanning lines is produced in accordance with a received signalobtained by the scanning.

As mentioned above, when the puncture needle is introduced into thesubject, it happens that the puncture needle does not always travelalong a predetermined passage, but makes a turn owing to a differencebetween tissues in toughness at the boundary of tissues within thesubject, and travels along a path out of the predetermined passage. Inaddition, it happens that the puncture needle makes a turn in adirection out of the two-dimensional surface plane. In such a case,simply displaying the two-dimensional tomographic image may invite sucha result that the tip of the puncture needle is out of the displayedimage and thus an operator cannot sufficiently observe the tip of thepuncture needle. For these reasons, the three-dimensional scanning areais formed to obtain the three-dimensional image. This feature makes itpossible to always exactly monitor the tip of the puncture needle.

Incidentally, it is to be noted that since a lot of time is required fora constitution of the three-dimensional image, it is preferable that theconstitution of the three-dimensional image is effected on only the areaor region of the vicinity of the passage of the puncture needle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a conceptual view of data stored in a transmit-and-receivememory shown in FIG. 1 with a one block;

FIG. 3 is a conceptual view showing delay patterns of high voltagepulses to be applied to a plurality of ultrasonic transducers;

FIGS. 4(A) and 4(B) are typical illustrations each a state in which ahigh voltage pulse train having different pulse width and repetitiveperiod is applied to an ultrasonic transducer;

FIG. 5 is a diagram used for the explanation of the principle of aformation of a received ultrasonic beam in the beamformer;

FIGS. 6(A), 6(B) and 6(C) are explanatory views each showing arelationship among a delay pattern, a direction of a scanning line and apoint of a focus;

FIGS. 7(A), 7(B) and 7(C) are typical illustrations each showing anexample of scanning of the inside of the subject by ultrasonic waves;

FIG. 8 is a typical illustration of an example of an image displayed onthe observation TV monitor shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a typical illustration of an alternative example of an imagedisplayed on the observation TV monitor shown in FIG. 1;

FIGS. 10(A) and 10(B) are typical illustrations each showing an exampleof an internal structure of a portion encircled by a circle A shown inFIG. 7(A);

FIGS. 11(A) and 11(B) are typical illustrations each showing analternative example of an internal structure of a portion encircled by acircle A shown in FIG. 7(A);

FIG. 12 is a typical illustration of the tip portion of the ultrasonicprobe;

FIG. 13 is an expanded sectional view of the tip portion of a punctureneedle 30 shown in FIG. 12 with a circle C;

FIG. 14 is a typical sectional view of the internal structure of aportion encircled by a circle B shown in FIG. 7(A), of a guide member22;

FIGS. 15(A) and 15(B) are views each showing a frequency distribution ofultrasonic beams transmitted from the ultrasonic transducers into thesubject;

FIGS. 16(A) and 16(B) are views each showing a period of transmission ofultrasonic beams transmitted from the ultrasonic transducers into thesubject;

FIGS. 17(A) and 17(B) are illustrations each showing a beamconfiguration of ultrasonic beams;

FIG. 18 is a view showing a two-dimensional arrangement of ultrasonictransducers;

FIG. 19 is a view showing a scanning area associated with the scan usingan ultrasonic probe having a two-dimensional arrangement of ultrasonictransducers;

FIG. 20 is a view representative of a three-dimensional image in which adepth is expressed;

FIG. 21 is a typical illustration of an ultrasonic probe in the statethat a puncture needle is introduced into the subject; and

FIG. 22 is an illustration of an example of an image by means ofultrasonic waves in the state that a puncture needle is introduced intothe subject.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, there will be described embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present invention. There will bedescribed an outline of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus referring tothis block diagram. First, there will be described a structure of theultrasonic diagnostic apparatus hereinafter.

A main frame 10 of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprises acontrol unit 100, an analog processing unit 200, a digital scanconverter unit 300, a Doppler processing unit 400, a display controlunit 500 and an organism signal amplifier unit 600. The control unit 100comprises a CPU 101, a beam scan control unit 102 and atransmit-and-receive memory 103. Connected to the CPU 101 are a controlpanel 701, a unitary body of touch panel 702 and EL display 703, and afloppy disk device 704.

The analog processing unit 200 comprises a transmit-receive unit 201, areceive delay control unit 202, a beamformer unit 203, a controlinterface unit 204, an analog signal processing unit 205 and a Dopplersignal processing unit 206. The control interface unit 204, thetransmit-receive unit 201, the receive delay control unit 202, and theDoppler signal processing unit 206 are connected to one another via acontrol line 207. Further, the control interface unit 204 is connectedvia a control line 208 to the analog signal processing unit 205. Thereceive delay control unit 202 and the beamformer unit 203 are connectedto one another via a control line 209. Detachably connected to thetransmit-receive unit 201, which constitutes the analog processing unit200, is an ultrasonic probe 20, by the maximum, four pieces ofultrasonic probe 20.

The digital scan converter unit 300 comprises a black-and-white scanconverter 301, a color scan converter 302 and a scroll scan converter303.

The Doppler processing unit 400 comprises a pulse/continuous waveDoppler analyzing unit 401 and a color Doppler analyzing unit 402.

The display control unit 500 is illustrated with a single block.Connected to the display control unit 500 are a printer 705, a VTR(Video Tape Recorder) 706, an observation television monitor 707 and aspeaker 708.

The organism signal amplifier unit 600 is also illustrated with a singleblock. Connected to the organism signal amplifier unit 600 are an ECGelectrode unit 709, a heart sound microphone 710 and a pulse wavetransducer 711.

The ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus further comprises a power sourceunit 800 connected to a commercial power supply for supplying necessarypower to individual sections of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.

The main frame 10 has a CPU bus 901 for connecting the CPU 101 and thebeam scan control unit 102, which constitute the control unit 100, thecontrol interface unit 204, which constitutes the analog processing unit200, the black-and-white scan converter 301, the color scan converter302 and the scroll scan converter 303, which constitute the digital scanconverter unit 300, the pulse/continuous wave Doppler analyzing unit 401and the color Doppler analyzing unit 402, which constitute the Dopplerprocessing unit 400, and the display control unit 500 with each other.The main frame 10 further has an echo bus 902 for supplying image datagenerated from the analog signal processing unit 205, which constitutesthe analog processing unit 200, to the digital scan converter unit 300.With respect to data generated from the pulse/continuous wave Doppleranalyzing unit 401 and the color Doppler analyzing unit 402, whichconstitute the Doppler processing unit 400, such data are also suppliedthrough the echo bus 902 to the digital scan converter unit 300. Themain frame 10 further has a video bus 903 for transmitting a videosignal generated from anyone of the black-and-white scan converter 301,the color scan converter 302 and the scroll scan converter 303, whichconstitute the digital scan converter unit 300, to the display controlunit 500.

The control panel 701 consists of a keyboard, etc. having a number ofkeys arranged, including a number of handlers 7011, 7012, 7013, 7014,7015, 7016 . . . . When the control panel 701 is operated, operationinformation is detected by the CPU 101, so that an instructionassociated with the operation information is transmitted to the beamscan control unit 102, the control interface unit 204, the digital scanconverter unit 300, or the display control unit 500 in accordance withthe the instruction.

The EL display unit 703 has a liquid-crystal display screen. The CPU 101serves as an EL line drawing generating unit for generating an EL linedrawing to be displayed on the liquid-crystal display screen of the ELdisplay unit 703, too. The EL line drawing generated in the CPU 101 isdisplayed on the liquid-crystal display screen of the EL display unit703. The liquid-crystal display screen of the EL display unit 703 isprovided with the touch panel 702. When an operator touches the touchpanel 702 by his fingers, position information representative of theassociated touched position on the touch panel 702 is transmitted to theCPU 101. The touch panel 702 and the EL display unit 703 are arranged,so that various types of instructions to the ultrasonic diagnosticapparatus can be readily inputted, in such a manner that, for instance,when it is instructed to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus through anoperation of the control panel 701 that a parameter as to a certain modeis set up for the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, the CPU 101 causesthe EL display unit 703 to display a table of a number of parameters tobe set up for the selected mode, so that an operator touches the touchpanel 702 by his fingers to set up a desired parameter.

The floppy disk device 704 is a device onto which a floppy disk (notillustrated) is detachably loaded, wherein the loaded floppy disk isaccessed. The CPU 101 causes instructions made by an operator through anoperation of the control panel 701 and the touch panel 702 to be writteninto the floppy disk loaded onto the floppy disk device 704. When thepower supply of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is turned on, orwhen a reset to the initial state is instructed through an operation ofthe control panel 701, various types of instruction information, whichare stored in the floppy disk device 704 loaded onto the floppy diskdevice 704, are read out therefrom and fed to the CPU 101 so that theCPU 101 sets up the individual sections of the ultrasonic diagnosticapparatus to the initial state in accordance with the instructioninformation. There will exist a number of parameters to be set up by anoperator through an operation of the control panel 701 and the touchpanel 702, which are needed when the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus isoperated. It will be very troublesome for the operator to do over againa setting of such a number of parameters, for example, whenever thepower supply turns on. For this reason, parameters of the initial state,etc. are written in the floppy disk beforehand, and when the powersupply of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is turned on, or when areset to the initial state is instructed, the parameters and the likestored in the floppy disk are read out therefrom to set up theindividual sections of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in accordancewith the parameters and the like thus read, thereby contributing to anenhancement of efficiency in setting the parameters and the like.

The CPU 101, which constitutes the control unit 100, mainly serves as aman-machine interface, as mentioned above. On the other hand, the beamscan control unit 102, which also constitutes the control unit 100, ismainly in charge of the control, for example, of timing of transmit andreceive of ultrasonic waves in the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus,which needs an operational ability on a real-time basis. According tothis type of ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, when transmit and receiveof ultrasonic waves are performed, data for controlling the individualsections constituting the analog processing unit 200 are read from atransmit-and-receive memory 103, and the data thus read from thetransmit-and-receive memory 103 are transmitted from the beam scancontrol unit 102 through the CPU bus 901 to the control interface unit204, so that the control interface unit 204 controls via a control line207 the transmit-receive unit 201, the receive delay control unit 202,and the Doppler signal processing unit 206. Further, the controlinterface unit 204 controls via a control line 208 the analog signalprocessing unit 205. The receive delay control unit 202 controls thebeamformer unit 203 via the control line 209 under control of thecontrol interface unit 204. With respect to the control of theindividual sections of the analog processing unit 200 by the data readfrom the transmit-and-receive memory 103, it will be described in detaillater.

The transmit-receive unit 201 is coupled to the ultrasonic probe 20.With respect to the ultrasonic probe, there exist, for example, a linearscan type of ultrasonic probe, a convex scan type of ultrasonic probe,and a sector scan type of ultrasonic probe. As an especial type ofultrasonic probe, there is a type of ultrasonic probe to be insertedinto a body cavity. Further, with respect to those various types ofultrasonic probes, there exist many types of ultrasonic probes, whichmay be classified in accordance with a difference in frequency of theultrasonic waves to be used. In order that a ultrasonic probe is loadedon the main frame 10, a connector (not illustrated) is used. The mainframe 10 end is provided with four connectors adapted to be connected toultrasonic probes. Thus, as mentioned above, it is possible tosimultaneously load onto the connectors the ultrasonic probes, by themaximum 4 pieces, of the above-mentioned various types of ultrasonicprobes. When a ultrasonic probe is loaded on the main frame 10, the mainframe 10 may identify information as to which type of ultrasonic prob isloaded. Such information is transmitted via the control line 207, thecontrol interface unit 204 and the CPU bus 901 to the CPU 101. On theother hand, the control panel 701 issues through an operation of thehandler 7011 an instruction as to which ultrasonic probe is used amongthe ultrasonic probes connected to four connectors of the main frame 10end, when the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is used. Such aninstruction is transmitted via the CPU bus 901 to the beam scan controlunit 102. Upon receipt of such an instruction, the beam scan controlunit 102 reads out from the transmit-and-receive memory 103 dataassociated with the ultrasonic probe to be used. The data thus read istransmitted via the CPU bus 901, the control interface unit 204 and thecontrol line 207 to the transmit-receive unit 201. Upon receipt of theinstruction, the transmit-receive unit 201 transmits high voltage pulses(which will be described latter) to the ultrasonic probe 20 thusindicated to generate ultrasonic waves, and receives signals which arereceived by the ultrasonic probe 20. Here, it is assumed that theultrasonic probe 20, as shown in FIG. 1 by one, is selected fortransmission and reception of ultrasonic waves.

The ultrasonic probe 20 shown in FIG. 1 is a so-called convex scanningtype of ultrasonic probe. On the tip of the ultrasonic probe 20, thereare arranged a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 211, which are put toa surface of the subject 1 (particularly human body) to transmit andreceive ultrasonic waves. In this condition, high voltage pulses fortransmission and reception of ultrasonic waves are applied from thetransmit-receive unit 201 to the plurality of ultrasonic transducers211, respectively. The high voltage pulses applied to the plurality ofultrasonic transducers 211 are controlled in a relative time differenceunder control of the control interface unit 204. Ultrasonic pulse beamsare transmitted from the plurality of ultrasonic transducers 211 alonganyone of a plurality of scan lines 2 extending to the inside of thesubject 1 in such a manner that the focus of the ultrasonic pulse beamsis adjusted on a predetermined depth position inside of the subject 1 inaccordance with a control of the relative time difference as to theapplication of the high voltage pulses to the plurality of ultrasonictransducers 211.

With respect to the attribute of the ultrasonic pulse beams to betransmitted, that is, a direction, a depth position of the focus, and acenter frequency, etc. of the ultrasonic pulse beams, their associateddata are essentially stored in the transmit-and-receive memory 103. Andthus the ultrasonic transducers 211 transmits ultrasonic pulse beamswhich are determined by data read out from the transmit-and-receivememory 103 and transferred via the CPU bus 901 to the control interfaceunit 204 under control of the beam scan control unit 102.

The ultrasonic pulse beam is reflected on the individual points on theone scan line during travelling inside the subject 1, and returns to theultrasonic probe 20 so that the reflected ultrasonic waves are receivedby the plurality of ultrasonic transducers 21. A plurality of signals,which are obtained through receiving the reflected ultrasonic waves, aresupplied to the transmit-receive unit 201 so as to be amplified by aplurality of preamplifiers (not illustrated) of the transmit-receiveunit 201, and then fed to the beamformer unit 203. The beamformer unit203 is provided with an analog delay line (which will be describedlater) having a number of center taps. The center taps are selected inoperation to receive the plurality of signals transmitted from thetransmit-receive unit 201 in accordance with a control of the receivedelay control unit 202, whereby the plurality of signals are relativelydelayed and added together in current. Controlling a relative delaypattern as to the plurality of signals may emphasize the reflectedultrasonic waves in the direction along the scan line identical with thescan line associated with the time of the ultrasonic wave transmission,and forms a so-called received beam in which the focus of the ultrasonicpulse beams is adjusted on a predetermined depth position inside of thesubject 1. Since ultrasonic waves travel slowly inside of the subject 1as compared with a rate of the signal processing, it is possible toimplement a so-called dynamic focus in which the focus is sequentiallyshifted to the deeper position inside of the subject while receiving theultrasonic waves along one scan line. In this case, the center taps ofthe analog delay line are switchingly selected by the receive delaycontrol unit 202 in response to the signals sequentially obtained by theultrasonic transducers, even during once receiving associated with oncetransmitting the ultrasonic pulse beam.

Also with respect to the attribute of the received ultrasonic beams,that is, a direction, and a depth position of the focus, etc. of thereceived ultrasonic beams, they are determined in accordance with theirassociated data essentially stored in the transmit-and-receive memory103. That is, data, which are stored in the transmit-and-receive memory103, are read out from the transmit-and-receive memory 103 andtransferred via the CPU bus 901 to the control interface unit 204 undercontrol of the beam scan control unit 102, and further transferred viathe control line 207 to the receive delay control unit 202. The receivedelay control unit 202 controls the beamformer unit 203 in accordancewith the data thus transmitted thereto.

According to the above-mentioned explanation, the high voltage pulsesare applied to the ultrasonic transducers 211 to transmit the ultrasonicpulse beam. In this case, as mentioned above, since ultrasonic wavestravel slowly inside of the subject as compared with a rate of thesignal processing, it is possible, through measuring time from astarting time of application of the high voltage pulses to theultrasonic transducers 211 to a time of receive of the reflectedultrasonic waves by the ultrasonic transducers 211, to identify thesignal obtained at that time concerned with receiving of the reflectedultrasonic waves with respect to the association of the reflectedultrasonic wave with the depth position inside of the subject. That is,the feature that the ultrasonic wave to be transmitted is shaped as apulse may provide a resolution with respect to the depth direction ofthe subject. Usually, in this manner, the high voltage pulses areapplied to the ultrasonic transducers 211. In the special case, however,on condition that it is permitted to have no resolution with respect tothe depth direction of the subject, it happens that a continuouslyrepetitive high voltage pulse train signal is applied to the ultrasonictransducers 211 to transmit ultrasonic beams in the form of a continuouswave.

Also hereinafter, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus will be explainedon the assumption that a pulse-like shaped ultrasonic beam istransmitted, except for a case that when the pulse/continuous waveDoppler analyzing unit 401, which constitutes the Doppler processingunit 400, is explained, the continuous wave is referred to.

The ultrasonic probe 20 shown in FIG. 1 comprises, in a similar fashionto that of the ultrasonic probe according to the earlier developmentexplained referring to FIG. 21, a main frame 21 having a plurality ofultrasonic transducers 211 arranged, and a guide member 22 which isdetachably loaded onto the main frame 21. The guide member 22 has aguide passage 22a for guiding the puncture needle 30 so that thepuncture needle 30 can be introduced into the subject 1 within ascanning area 3 defined by a plurality of scanning lines 2 and in apredetermined direction. Thus, the puncture needle 30 is inserted intothe guide passage 22a to be introduced to the affected part 11 withinthe subject 1.

In the manner as mentioned above, the transmit-receive unit 201 and thebeamformer unit 203 sequentially repeatedly perform transmission andreception of the ultrasonic pulse beams along each of a plurality ofscanning lines 2 inside of the subject 1, so that scanning line signalsthus generated, each representative of the received ultrasonic beamalong each of the scanning lines, are sequentially fed to the analogsignal processing unit 205. In the analog signal processing unit 205,the received scanning line signals are subjected to logarithmiccompression, detection, and filtering processings, etc. according to adesignation issued through an operation of the handler 7012 of thecontrol panel 701 as to which depth area inside of the subject 1 animage is to be displayed concerned with, that is, a designation as towhether it is sufficient that an image concerned with only the shallowarea inside of the subject 1 is displayed, or a designation as to whatdegree of depth area an image is to be displayed concerned with. Theanalog signals thus processed are converted into digital of image databy an A/D converter unit. Image data outputted from the analog signalprocessing unit 205 are fed via the echo bus 902 to the black-and-whitescan converter 301, which constitutes the digital scan converter unit300. The black-and-white scan converter 301 performs an interpolationprocessing for generating data associated with pixels for a display, andconverts the received image data to a video signal for a display, andthen transmits the video signal for a display via the video bus 903 tothe display control unit 500. The display control unit 500 causes theobservation television monitor 707 to display a B-mode image caused bythe ultrasonic reflection intensity distribution on the tomographicplane of the subject defined by a plurality of scanning lines 2. At thattime, if necessary, it is possible to display patient's names,photographing date, photographing conditions, etc. superposing on theB-mode image. As the B-mode image, it is possible to display a dynamicimage representative of the state in which the inside of the subject 1moves, a static image at a certain time, or an image in a certain phaseof a movement of the heart of a human body, which is synchronized withthe movement of the heart, in accordance with a synchronizing signalgenerated from the organism signal amplifier unit 600.

Connected to the organism signal amplifier unit 600 are the ECGelectrode unit 709, the heart sound microphone 710 and the pulse wavetransducer 711. The organism signal amplifier unit 600 generates thesynchronizing signal in accordance with any one of these elements or aplurality of sensors, and transmits the same to the display control unit500.

Connected to the display control unit 500 are the observation televisionmonitor 707, and the printer 705 and the VTR 706 as well. The displaycontrol unit 500 outputs images displayed on the observation televisionmonitor 707 to the printer 705 or the VTR 706 in accordance with aninstruction from an operator.

Again, an explanation will be continued from the analog processing unit200.

When it is desired to know time variation of information as to thereflection of ultrasonic waves on a certain one scan line extending tothe inside of the subject, the ultrasonic waves are repeatedlytransmitted and received along a certain one scanning line of interest,and data representative of the received ultrasonic beam of the subjectalong the one scan line is transmitted via the echo bus 902 to thescroll scan converter 303. The scroll scan converter 303 generates avideo signal representative of an image (an M-mode image) in which theultrasonic reflection intensity distribution in the depth direction ofthe subject along the one scan line is given in the longitudinaldirection, and the lateral axis consists of a time axis, wherein theimage is scrolled in the time axis direction. The video signal thusgenerated is fed via the video bus 903 to the display control unit 500,so that an image based on the video signal is displayed, for example, onthe observation television monitor 707.

The display control unit 500 has a function such that the video signalrepresentative of the B-mode image transmitted from the black-and-whitescan converter 301 and the video signal representative of the M-modeimage transmitted from the scroll scan converter 303 are arranged sideby side, and in addition a function such that a color mode image, whichwill be described later, is superposed on the B-mode image. Theobservation television monitor 707 is adapted to display thereon aplurality of images being arranged side by side in accordance with aninstruction from an operator, alternatively display a plurality ofimages being superposed.

Again, returning to the explanation of the analog processing unit 200,the Doppler signal processing unit 206, which constitutes the analogprocessing unit 200, serves as a structure element for determining ablood flow distribution of the inside of the subject, or a blood flowdistribution at a certain point or on a certain one scanning line. Inthe Doppler signal processing unit 206, a signal representative of thereceived ultrasonic beam generated in the beamformer unit 203 issubjected to a so-called quadrature detection and in addition convertedinto digital data through an A/D conversion. The data, which has beensubjected to the quadrature detection, is outputted from the Dopplersignal processing unit 206, is fed to the Doppler processing unit 400.The Doppler processing unit 400 comprises the pulse/continuous waveDoppler analyzing unit 401 and the color Doppler analyzing unit 402.Here, it is assumed that the data outputted from the Doppler signalprocessing unit 206 is fed to the color Doppler analyzing unit 402. Thecolor Doppler analyzing unit 402 determines data representative of ablood flow distribution on an area of interest (ROI) on the B-modeimage, which is designated by an operator, by an auto-correlationoperation based on data obtained through performing, for example, eighttimes of ultrasonic transmit and receive on each scan line. The datarepresentative of a blood flow distribution on the area (ROI) is fed viathe echo bus 902 to the color scan converter 302. The color scanconverter 302 converts the data representative of a blood flowdistribution on the area (ROI) into a video signal suitable for adisplay, and transmits the video signal to the display control unit 500.The display control unit 500 superimposes a color mode image, in which ablood in a direction coming near the ultrasonic probe 20, a blood in adirection going away from the ultrasonic probe 20, and a blood velocityare represented by, for example, red, blue and luminance, respectively,on the area (ROI) of the B-mode image transmitted from theblack-and-white scan converter 301, and causes those images to bedisplayed on the observation television monitor 707. Thus, it ispossible to grasp the outline of the blood flow distribution on the area(ROI).

When an operator inputs a requirement to observe in detail a blood at acertain one point on the area (ROI) or on a certain one scanning line,then the transmit-receive unit 201 repeats a lot of number of times oftransmit and receive of the ultrasonic waves in a direction along a onescan line passing through the one point, or a direction along the onescanning line of interest. And data, which is generated in the Dopplersignal processing unit 206 in accordance with the signals thus obtainedby the repetitive transmit and receive of the ultrasonic waves, is fedto the pulse/continuous wave Doppler analyzing unit 401 constituting theDoppler processing unit 400. When it is interested in the a blood flowat a certain point, a pulse-like shaped ultrasonic beam is transmittedinto the subject. On the other hand, when it is desired to obtain bloodinformation excellent in S/N ratio, permitting that blood information ona certain one scan line is averaged, a ultrasonic beam is transmitted inthe form of a continuous wave into the subject.

The pulse/continuous wave Doppler analyzing unit 401 performs an FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) operation based on data obtained throughcarrying out a lot of number of times of transmit and receive of theultrasonic waves on a certain one point, or a certain one scanning lineto obtain blood flow information on the one point, or blood flowinformation averaged on the one scanning line. Data representative ofthe blood flow information obtained in the pulse/continuous wave Doppleranalyzing unit 401 is fed via the echo bus 902 to the scroll scanconverter 303. The scroll scan converter 303 generates a video signalrepresentative of an image in which the longitudinal axis and thelateral axis denote a blood flow velocity and a time axis, respectively,and the image may scroll in a direction of the time axis. This videosignal is fed via the video bus 903 to the display control unit 500. Thedisplay control unit 500 causes the video signal to be displayed on theobservation television monitor 707 together with the B-mode imagetransmitted from the black-and-white scan converter 301, for example.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual view of data stored in the transmit-and-receivememory 103 shown in FIG. 1 with a one block.

The transmit-and-receive memory stores therein a lot of scanning linedata 1-m, and a lot of sequence data 1-n. Each of the scanning line datacomprises a set of data defining attributes of transmitting ultrasonicbeams and received ultrasonic beams along a certain scanning line as toa certain ultrasonic probe. Specifically, a certain scanning line data(e.g. scanning line data 1) is suitable for a certain specific type ofultrasonic probe, and consists of a set of data for defining relativetime differences (the relative time differences are referred to as adelay pattern in their entirety) of high voltage pulses, which areapplied to the plurality of ultrasonic transducers 211, respectively, toform a transmitting ultrasonic beam having a certain frequency,transmitted in a direction along a certain one scanning line of aplurality of scanning lines 2 as to the ultrasonic probe 20, a focus ofwhich transmitting ultrasonic beam is formed at a certain depthposition, and for defining pulse width and repetitive period of the highvoltage pulses, which are applied to the plurality of ultrasonictransducers 211, respectively, and additional data for defining relativedelay times (the relative delay times are also referred to as a delaypattern in their entirety) of received signals obtained in the pluralityof ultrasonic transducers 211 to define a direction and a focus of areceived ultrasonic beam.

Each of the sequence data, for example, sequence data 1, is for defininga sequence of reading of scanning line data. A plurality of scanningline data are sequentially read in accordance with a sequence determinedby the sequence data, so that the transmit-and-receive of ultrasonicbeams are sequentially performed in accordance with the sequence datathus read out. Specifically, when it is indicated that a certainultrasonic probe is used through an operation of the handler 7011, and atransmit-receive mode, which will be described later, is selected, thena suitable sequence data is read from the transmit-and-receive memory103 by the beam scan control unit 102. To transmit and receiveultrasonic waves, the beam scan control unit 102 first reads scanningline data for performing transmission and reception of ultrasonic beamsalong the scanning line of the most left end of the plurality ofscanning lines 2 shown in FIG. 1, for example, in accordance with thesequence data thus read, and transmits the scanning line data thus readto the analog processing unit 200 wherein the transmission and receptionof the ultrasonic beams along the scanning line are performed, and thebeam scan control unit 102 next reads scanning line data for performingtransmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along the second scanningline from the most left end of the plurality of scanning lines 2 shownin FIG. 1, and transmits the scanning line data thus read to the analogprocessing unit 200 wherein the transmission and reception of theultrasonic beams along the scanning line are performed. In a similarfashion to that of the above, the transmission and reception ofultrasonic beams along the subsequent scanning lines are performed inturn, and finally the transmission and reception of ultrasonic beamsalong the most right end scanning line is performed, whereby a frame ofreceived signals are obtained, so that a sheet of image on the scanningarea 3 is produced. Subsequently, in order to produce the next frame ofimage, the routine returns to the transmission and reception ofultrasonic beams along the scanning line of the most left end.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual view showing delay patterns of high voltagepulses to be applied to a plurality of ultrasonic transducers.

High voltage pulses 212 are applied to a plurality of ultrasonictransducers 211 arranged with greater delay as the ultrasonictransducers 211 are located at the position closer to the center (part(0) of FIG. 3) of the arrangement as compared with both ends (parts (A)and (B) of FIG. 3) of the arrangement. In this manner, an application ofthe high voltage pulses having the delay patterns to the ultrasonictransducers 211 makes it possible to form transmit-receive ultrasonicpulse beams extending in a predetermined direction within the subjectand having a focus formed at a certain depth position.

FIGS. 4(A) and 4(B) are typical illustrations each a state in which ahigh voltage pulse train having different pulse width and repetitiveperiod is applied to an ultrasonic transducer.

In the comparison of FIG. 4(A) with FIG. 4(B), it will be understoodthat in FIG. 4(B) rather than FIG. 4(A), a high voltage pulse trainhaving wider pulse width and longer repetitive period is applied to anultrasonic transducer 211.

In order to obtain a larger variation of frequency of the ultrasonicwaves for use in transmit-and-receive, there is a need to prepare anultrasonic probe, in which ultrasonic transducers suitable for theassociated frequency are arranged, for each frequency. As shown in FIGS.4(A) and 4(B), however, a control of the pulse width and the repetitiveperiod of the high voltage pulses to be applied to the ultrasonictransducer 211 makes it possible to control the frequency of theultrasonic waves within a certain limit.

FIG. 5 is a diagram used for the explanation of the principle of aformation of a received ultrasonic beam in the beamformer.

Here, for the purpose of simplification of the explanation, it isassumed that the respective pairs of delay lines 1001a, . . . , 1001m, .. . , and 1001n each having a plurality of taps, and selection switches1002a, . . . , 1002m, . . . , and 1002n each for selecting an inputroute of a received signal to a delay line according to a control signalare provided for the associated ultrasonic transducers 211,respectively. Each of the selection switches 1002a, . . . , 1002m, . . ., and 1002n receives a one received signal obtained in an associated oneultrasonic transducer 211. In each of the selection switches 1002a, . .. , 1002m, . . . , and 1002n, the input received signal is fed to anassociated delay line through a tap according to a control signal, of aplurality of taps of the delay line. In each of the delay lines 1001a, .. . , 1001m, . . . , and 1001n, the received signal is delayed by adelay time according to the tap to which the received signal is fed, andthe received signal thus delayed is applied to an adder 1003. The adder1003 adds the received signals, which are simultaneously appliedthereto, and outputs a scanning line signal representative of a receivedultrasonic beam.

Incidentally, it is to be noted that in FIG. 5, for the purpose of theeasier understanding of the present invention, there is shown anarrangement in which the respective pairs of delay lines 1001a, . . . ,1001m, . . . , and 1001n and selection switches 1002a, . . . , 1002m, .. . , and 1002n, the number of which pairs is equal to that of theultrasonic transducers, are provided and further the adder 1003 foradding the received signals together, which are outputted from the delaylines 1001a, . . . , 1001m, . . . , and 1001n, is provided. Indeed,however, a plurality of received signals, which are obtained in aplurality of ultrasonic transducers, are inputted into a single delayline having a number of taps, while the taps to which the receivedsignals are applied, respectively, are controlled, so that the pluralityof received signals are delayed by the times associated taps,respectively, and then added to each other in the delay line on acurrent basis. In this manner, a scanning line signal, which issubjected to a delay according to the controlled delay pattern and alsoan addition, or a so-called beamformation, is directly outputed from thesingle delay line.

FIGS. 6(A), 6(B) and 6(C) are explanatory views each showing arelationship among a delay pattern, a direction of a scanning line and apoint of a focus.

In each of FIGS. 6(A), 6(B) and 6(C), it is assumed that a plurality ofultrasonic transducers are arranged between points A and B, and anintermediate point between the points A and B is denoted by a point 0.At that time, as shown in FIG. 6(A), when high voltage pulses areapplied to the ultrasonic transducers in such a manner that ratherlonger delay time is given for the ultrasonic transducers located at thepoint B side, there will be formed a transmission ultrasonic beam alonga scanning line extending in a direction leaning to the point B sidewith respect to the intermediate point 0. As shown in FIG. 6(B), whenhigh voltage pulses are applied to the ultrasonic transducers with asymmetrical delay pattern with respect to the intermediate point 0between points A and B, there will be formed a transmission ultrasonicbeam along a scanning line extending perpendicularly to an arrangementdirection of the ultrasonic transducers with respect to the intermediatepoint 0. As shown in FIG. 6(C), when high voltage pulses are applied tothe ultrasonic transducers in such a manner that rather longer delaytime is given for the ultrasonic transducers located at the point Aside, there will be formed a transmission ultrasonic beam along ascanning line extending in a direction leaning to the point A side withrespect to the intermediate point 0. Further, even if the transmissionultrasonic beams along the same scanning line are concerned, it ispossible to determine the focus point in accordance with a delay patternof the high voltage pulses to be applied to the ultrasonic transducers.Specifically, as shown in each of FIGS. 6(A), 6(B) and 6(C) with abroken line, let us consider such a situation that a circle arc, whichis in contact with a segment coupling between the points A and B, isdrawn with the focus as the central part. When ultrasonic pulsestransmitted from the respective ultrasonic transducers reachsimultaneously on the circular arc, the ultrasonic pulses travel so asto gather to the focus. Therefore, for example, in the event that thefocus is formed as shown in FIG. 6(B), high voltage pulses aresimultaneously applied to the ultrasonic transducers located at thepoints A and B, so that the ultrasonic transducers simultaneouslygenerate ultrasonic pulses, respectively. And a high voltage pulse isapplied to an ultrasonic transducer located at the point 0 at the timingthat the ultrasonic pulses, which are generated from the ultrasonictransducers located at the points A and B, reach the circular arc, sothat the ultrasonic transducer located at the point 0 generatesultrasonic pulse. In this manner, it is possible to form a transmissionultrasonic pulse beam along the scanning line shown in FIG. 6(B) andhaving the narrowest beam diameter at the focus point shown in FIG.6(B).

It is to be noted that the plurality of ultrasonic transducers used forthe ultrasonic transmission, which are arranged between the points A andB, are, for example, part of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers 211arranged in the ultrasonic probe 20 (cf. FIG. 1), and a movement of atransmission aperture, which consists of the plurality of ultrasonictransducers for use in a formation of the transmission ultrasonic pulsebeam, in an arrangement direction of the ultrasonic transducers 211arranged in the ultrasonic probe 20, makes it possible to shift thescanning line in parallel with respect to the arrangement direction ofthe ultrasonic transducers 211. In case of the ultrasonic probe 20 shownin FIG. 1, however, since the ultrasonic transducers 211 are arranged asa circular arc, the scanning line moves to draw a circular arc, but nota parallel movement.

In this manner, it is possible to obtain a transmission ultrasonic beamtravelling along a scanning line extending in an arbitrary directionwithin the subject taking as a starting point an arbitrary point on theultrasonic transducers 211 arranged on the ultrasonic probe 20, andhaving a focus on an arbitrary point on the scanning line.

Also with respect to the formation of received ultrasonic beams, it issimilar to that of the above-mentioned transmission ultrasonic beam.

That is, with respect to received signals obtained by receivingultrasonic waves reflected within the subject and returned to theultrasonic transducers, as shown in FIG. 6(A), when rather longer delaytime is given for received signals obtained by ultrasonic transducerslocated at the point B side, and then the received signals are added toeach other, there will be formed a received ultrasonic beam along ascanning line leaning to the point B side with respect to theintermediate point 0. As shown in FIG. 6(B), when a symmetrical delaytime is given for received signals obtained by the ultrasonictransducers, and then the received signals are added to each other,there will be formed a received ultrasonic beam along a scanning lineextending perpendicularly to an arrangement direction of the ultrasonictransducers with respect to the intermediate point 0. As shown in FIG.6(C), when rather longer delay time is given for received signalsobtained by ultrasonic transducers located at the point A side, and thenthe received signals are added to each other, there will be formed areceived ultrasonic beam along a scanning line leaning to the point Aside with respect to the intermediate point 0. Further, even if thereceived ultrasonic beams along the same scanning line are concerned, itis possible to determine the focus point in accordance with a delaypattern. Specifically, as shown in each of FIGS. 6(A), 6(B) and 6(C),ultrasonic waves reflected on the focus and directed toward the pointsA, 0 and B, respectively, arrive simultaneously at cross points of thesegments coupling the focus with the points A, 0 and B, respectively andthe circular arc shown with a broken line, and thus there will occur adifference in time of receiving of the ultrasonic waves reflected on thefocus by the respective ultrasonic transducers. Thus, the receivedsignals, which are derived in the ultrasonic transducers at which theultrasonic waves reflected on the focus arrive earlier, are delayeduntil ultrasonic waves arrive at the ultrasonic transducers at which theultrasonic waves arrive with a delay, and then added to each other. Inthis manner, it is possible to form a received ultrasonic beam extendingin a direction along the scanning line passing through the focus andhaving the narrowest beam diameter at the focus point.

It is to be noted, in a similar fashion to that of the transmission,that the plurality of ultrasonic transducers used for the reception ofthe reflected ultrasonic waves, which are arranged between the points Aand B, are, for example, part of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers211 arranged in the ultrasonic probe 20 (cf. FIG. 1), and a movement ofa reception aperture, which consists of the plurality of ultrasonictransducers for use in a reception of the reflected ultrasonic waves, inan arrangement direction of the ultrasonic transducers 211 arranged inthe ultrasonic probe 20, makes it possible to shift the scanning line inparallel with respect to the arrangement direction of the ultrasonictransducers 211. In case of the ultrasonic probe 20 shown in FIG. 1,however, since the ultrasonic transducers 211 are arranged as a circulararc, the scanning line moves to draw a circular arc, but not a parallelmovement, similar to the case of the transmission.

In this manner, with respect to both the transmission and the reception,it is possible to obtain an ultrasonic beam travelling along a scanningline extending in an arbitrary direction within the subject taking as astarting point an arbitrary point on the ultrasonic transducers 211arranged on the ultrasonic probe 20, and having a focus on an arbitrarypoint on the scanning line.

The above-mentioned matter is concerned with the explanation as to theoutline of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to theembodiment of the present invention. Next, there will be described themore essential details of the present embodiment, hereinafter.

In case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, as will be apparent from thefollowing description, the combination of the whole of the analogprocessing unit 200, but not the transmit-receive unit 201 only, theDoppler processing unit 400, and functions of controlling the analogprocessing unit 200 and the Doppler processing unit 400, of the controlunit 100, corresponds to the transmit-receive unit referred to in thepresent invention. And the combination of the digital scan converterunit 300, the display control unit 500, a function of producing agraphic image, of the CPU unit 101, and functions of controlling thedigital scan converter unit 300 and the display control unit 500, of thecontrol unit 100, and in addition the combination of the printer 705,the VTR 706 and the observation TV monitor 707, corresponds to the imageproducing unit referred to in the present invention.

FIGS. 7(A), 7(B) and 7(C) are typical illustrations each showing anexample of scanning of the inside of the subject by ultrasonic waves.

According to the example shown in FIG. 7(A), similar to the exampleshown in FIG. 21, a plurality of scanning lines 2 are spread uniformlywithin the scanning area 3. This example corresponds to an example of afirst transmit-receive mode referred to in the present invention.Incidentally, with respect to the point that circles A and B are addedin FIG. 7(A), it will be described later.

According to the example shown in FIG. 7(B), there is shown a statethat, of the scanning area 3, a first area 31 including the passage areaof the puncture needle 30 is scanned with a higher density of scanningline than a second area 32 except the first area 31, of the scanningarea 3. This example corresponds to an example of a secondtransmit-receive mode referred to in the present invention, or a secondtransmit-receive mode referred to in the first ultrasonic diagnosticapparatus according to the present invention.

According to the example shown in FIG. 7(C), there is shown a state thatthe scanning area 3 itself is narrowed to the same area as the firstarea 31 shown in FIG. 7(B), and the scanning is performed on the firstarea 31 consisting of the narrowed scanning area 3. This example alsocorresponds to an example of the second transmit-receive mode referredto in the present invention, or a second transmit-receive mode referredto in the second ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to thepresent invention.

A selection of these modes is performed in such a manner that sequencedata (cf. FIG. 2) corresponding to the modes are stored in thetransmit-receive memory 103 and the handler 7013 of the control panel isoperated. When the handler 7013 is operated to select anyone of thetransmit-receive modes, the beam scan control unit 102 reads from thetransmit-receive memory 103 the sequence data associated with thetransmit-receive mode designated by an operation of the handler 7013,and sequentially reads the scanning line data (cf. FIG. 2), which arestored in the transmit-receive memory 103, in accordance with thesequence data thus read out, thereby implementing the selectedtransmit-receive mode for transmission and reception of ultrasonicwaves.

FIG. 8 is a typical illustration of an example of an image displayed onthe observation TV monitor 707 shown in FIG. 1.

In the mode of FIG. 7(A), images of the whole area of the broad scanningarea 3 are displayed with a homogeneous resolution on the observation TVmonitor 707. In the mode of FIG. 7(B), while the broad scanning area 3is ensured, images are displayed on the observation TV monitor 707 witha high resolution as to the first area 31 and a low resolution as to thesecond area 32, respectively. In the mode of FIG. 7(C), images aredisplayed with respect to the scanning area which is the same as thefirst area 31, that is, the narrow scanning area.

According to the example shown in FIG. 8, there is also displayed adiagram 30a representative of the passage of the puncture needle. It isselected by the handler 7014 of the control panel 701 shown in FIG. 1 asto whether the diagram 30a is displayed. When it is instructed that thediagram 30a is displayed, the CPU 101 generates the diagram 30a andtransmits the same via the CPU bus 901 to the display control unit 500.In the display control unit 500, the diagram 30a is superimposed on theB-mode image which is produced in the black-and-white scan converter 301and transferred via the video bus 903 to the display control unit 500.

While it has been described above that the selection among thetransmit-receive modes of FIGS. 7(A), 7(B) and 7(C) is performed by thehandler 7013, and the selection between the display and the non-displayof the diagram 30a shown in FIG. 8 is performed by the handler 7014, itis acceptable that these handlers are used on a common basis, forexample, in such a manner that in case of the transmit-receive mode ofFIG. 7(A), the diagram 30a is not displayed, alternatively, in case ofthe transmit-receive mode of FIGS. 7(B) or 7(C), the diagram 30a isdisplayed. This scheme makes it impossible to perform independently theselection among the transmit-receive modes and the selection between thedisplay and the non-display of the diagram, but makes it possible toimprove the operability.

When the diseased part 11 is simply observed, the mode of FIG. 7(A) isadopted so that a broad scanning area is ensured and a predeterminedhomogeneous resolution can be obtained throughout the broad scanningarea. Alternatively, when the puncture needle 30 is introduced into thediseased part 11, the mode of FIGS. 7(B) or 7(C) is adopted so that ahigh resolution of image can be obtained with respect to an areaincluding the passage of the puncture needle 30. The mode of FIG. 7(B)has an advantage such that a broad scanning line area can be ensured. Onthe other hand, the mode of FIG. 7(C) has an advantage such that whilethe scanning line area is narrowed as compared with the mode of FIG.7(B), the corresponding frame rate can be enhanced.

FIG. 9 is a typical illustration of an alternative example of an imagedisplayed on the observation TV monitor 707 shown in FIG. 1.

In FIG. 9, there is shown an enlarged image representative of an area(enlarged area) surrounding the diseased part 11.

To display the enlarged image as shown in FIG. 9 on the observation TVmonitor 707, the handler 7015 on the control panel 701 shown in FIG. 1is operated, at the stage that the whole image as shown in FIG. 8 isdisplayed, to designate a region of interest (ROI) to be enlarged andinstruct it to be enlarged. Then, position information of the enlargedarea is fed from the CPU 101 via the CPU bus 901 to the black-and-whitescan converter 301. In the the black-and-white scan converter 301, aninterpolation processing is performed to obtain an enlarged image on theenlarged area, so that an image representative of the enlarged area onlyis produced. When the diagram 30a is superimposed on the image thusproduced, the CPU 101 produces a diagram suitable for the enlarged area.

A combination of a production of such an enlarged image and thetransmit-receive mode of FIG. 7(C) for example serves to improve theresolution and also to display the enlarged image thereby obtaining animage more preferable for the puncture technology.

Incidentally, while the diagram 30a is shown also in the enlarged imageshown in FIG. 9, it is acceptable to provide such an arrangement thatthe mode wherein the enlarged image is produced and displayed, and themode wherein the diagram 30a is displayed, are combined with each other,and the handler 7014 for selecting whether the diagram 30a is displayedand the handler 7015 for designating an image enlargement are used on acommon basis, for example, in such a manner that when the usual size ofimage is displayed, the diagram 30a is not displayed, and the when theenlarged image is displayed, the diagram 30a is displayed. This schememakes it impossible to perform independently the selection between theimage producing modes and the selection between the display and thenon-display of the diagram, but makes it possible to save one troublefor the operation by the corresponding.

FIGS. 10(A) and 10(B) are typical illustrations each showing an exampleof an internal structure of a portion encircled by a circle A shown inFIG. 7(A).

At the main frame 21 side of the ultrasonic probe, there are providedtwo fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 1 and 21a₋₋ 2, a single movable contact 21b,and a detector 21c for detecting whether the two fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 1and 21a₋₋ 2 conduct with each other through the movable contact 21b.

FIG. 10(A) shows the state that the guide member 22 is not loaded ontothe main frame 21 side of the ultrasonic probe, in which the two fixedcontacts 21a₋₋ 1 and 21a₋₋ 2 do not conduct with each other. FIG. 10(B)shows the state that the guide member 22 is loaded onto the main frame21 side of the ultrasonic probe, in which the movable contact 21b isurged by the projection 22b of the guide member 22 so that the two fixedcontacts 21a₋₋ 1 and 21a₋₋ 2 conduct with each other. The state of theconduction or the non-conduction between the two fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 1and 21a₋₋ 2 is detected by the detector 21c. Information as to thedetected result is transferred through the transmit-receive unit 201,the control line 207, the control interface unit 204 and the CPU bus 901to the CPU 101 and the beam scan control unit 102. In the CPU 101,information as to whether the guide member 22 is loaded onto the mainframe 21 of the ultra sonic probe is used for the purpose of generationof diagram 30a representative of the passage of the puncture needle, asshown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, and also for the purpose of displaying on animage screen the fact that the guide member 22 is loaded onto the mainframe 21 of the ultrasonic probe Also in the beam scan control unit 102,such information is used for a selection among the transmit-receivemodes (cf. FIGS. 7(A), 7(B) and 7(C)).

Specifically, according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS.10(A) and 10(B), there is provided a sensor or a detector for detectinga loading of the guide member 22 onto the main frame 21. And instead ofproviding the handler 7013 for selection among the transmit-receivemodes as in FIGS. 7(A), 7(B) and 7(C)), the sensor is used, when it isdetected that the guide member 22 is not loaded onto the main frame 21,to select the transmit-receive mode as shown in FIG. 7(A), alternativelywhen it is detected that the guide member 22 is loaded onto the mainframe 21, to select the transmit-receive mode as shown in FIGS. 7(B) and7(C). It is acceptable that both the handler 7013 and the sensor asshown in FIG. 10 are provided, and also acceptable that an additionalhandler 7016 is provided to optionally select an mode between a manualmode in which the handler 7013 is effective and an automatic mode inwhich the sensor as shown in FIG. 10 is effective.

Further, it is acceptable that instead of providing the handler 7015 forselection as to whether the usual size of image is to be produced anddisplayed, or an enlarged image is to be produced and displayed, theabove-mentioned sensor is used, when it is detected that the guidemember 22 is not loaded onto the main frame 21, to produce the image tobe displayed throughout the scanning line area 3 as shown in FIG. 8 (orto select the first image producing mode referred to in the presentinvention), alternatively when it is detected that the guide member 22is loaded onto the main frame 21, to produce the enlarged image as shownin FIG. 9 (or to select the second image producing mode referred to inthe present invention). It is acceptable that both the handler 7015 andthe sensor as shown in FIG. 10 are provided, and also acceptable thatthe additional handler 7016 is provided to optionally select an modebetween a manual mode in which the handler 7015 is effective and anautomatic mode in which the sensor as shown in FIG. 10 is effective. Inthis manner, also with respect to the production of the enlarged image,it is acceptable to use the the manual mode and the automatic modeappropriately.

FIGS. 11(A) and 11(B) are typical illustrations each showing analternative example of an internal structure of a portion encircled by acircle A shown in FIG. 7(A).

At the main frame 21 side of the ultrasonic probe, there are providedfour fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 1, 21a₋₋ 2, 21a₋₋ 3 and 21a₋₋ 4, three movablecontacts 21b₋₋ 1, 21b₋₋ 2 and 21b₋₋ 3, and three detectors 21c₋₋ 1,21c₋₋ 2 and 21c₋₋ 3 for detecting whether the pairs of the fixedcontacts 21a₋₋ 1 and 21a₋₋ 2; the fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 2 and 21a₋₋ 3;and the fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 3 and 21a₋₋ 4 conduct with each other,respectively.

At the guide member 22 side, there are provided the maximum 3projections 22b₋₋ 1, 22b₋₋ 2 and 22b₋₋ 3 according to types of the guidemember. In case of the guide member 22 shown in FIGS. 11(A) and 11(B),there are provided two projections 22b₋₋ 1 and 22b₋₋ 2.

FIG. 11(A) shows the state that the guide member 22 is not loaded ontothe main frame 21 side of the ultrasonic probe, in which the pairs ofthe fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 1 and 21a₋₋ 2; the fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 2 and21a₋₋ 3; and the fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 3 and 21a₋₋ 4 do not conduct witheach other. FIG. 11(B) shows the state that the guide member 22 isloaded onto the main frame 21 side of the ultrasonic probe, in whichanyone or two or more of the pairs of the fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 1 and21a₋₋ 2; the fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 2 and 21a₋₋ 3; and the fixed contacts21a₋₋ 3 and 21a₋₋ 4 conduct with each other in accordance with types ofthe guide member. According to the example shown in FIG. 11(B), the pairof the fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 1 and 21a₋₋ 2 conducts through the movablecontacts 21b₋₋ 1, and the pair of the fixed contacts 21a₋₋ 2 and 21a₋₋ 3conducts through the movable contacts 21b₋₋ 2. And the pair of the fixedcontacts 21a₋₋ 3 and 21a₋₋ 4 is kept on a non-conduction state. Thestate of the conduction or the non-conduction of the respective pairs ofthe fixed contacts is detected by the detectors 21c₋₋ 1, 21c₋₋ 2 and21c₋₋ 3. Information obtained by such a detection includes informationas to whether the guide member 22 is loaded onto the main frame 21 sideof the ultrasonic probe, and in addition, when the guide member 22 isloaded onto the main frame 21, information indicative of a type of theguide member loaded.

The information as to the detected result is transferred to the CPU 101and the beam scan control unit 102, in a similar fashion to that of theexample shown in FIGS. 10(A) and 10(B).

A type of the guide member 22 is concerned with a difference of an angleof guiding a puncture needle. That is, according as there is a need tointroduce the puncture needle a shallow portion of the subject or a deepportion of the subject, a different type of guide member 22 is loadedonto the main frame 21.

Consequently, a position and an angle of the diagram 30a, which isrepresentative of the passage of the puncture needle as shown in FIG. 8and FIG. 9, on the image screen, is varied in accordance with a type ofthe guide member loaded onto the main frame 21 of the ultrasonic probe,so that the CPU 101 produces the diagram according to the guide memberloaded. Since the region on the image screen, in which the punctureneedle 30 is introduced, is varied in accordance with a type of theguide member, it happens that the region (the first area 31) shown inFIGS. 7(B) and 7(C), which is concerned with an improvement of theresolution, is varied in accordance with a type of the guide member, andthen the beam scan control unit 102 provides such a control that thefirst area 31 shown in FIGS. 7(B) and 7(C) changes over in accordancewith a type of the guide member loaded onto the main frame 21 of theultrasonic probe. This change over is performed, as mentioned above, bymeans of reading from the transmit-and-receive memory 103 differentsequence data.

Also with respect to the generation of the enlarged image, in a similarfashion to that of the change over of the transmit-receive mode, theregion of interest (ROI) is automatically altered so that the regionincluding the passage of the puncture needle introduced through theguide member is enlarged in accordance with a type of the guide memberloaded. In this case, it is acceptable that the function of thedesignation of the ROI is removed from the handler 7015 so that thehandler 7015 serves as an handler for designating only whether anenlarged image is to be generated. Alternatively, it is acceptable thatit is selected, by an operation of the handler 7016 for optionallyselecting an mode between a manual mode and an automatic mode, as towhether the designation of the ROI is to be performed through thehandler 7015 or in accordance with information generated from thesensors shown in FIGS. 11(A) and 11(B).

FIG. 12 is a typical illustration of the tip portion of the ultrasonicprobe. FIG. 13 is an expanded sectional view of the tip portion of apuncture needle 30 shown in FIG. 12 with a circle C.

The puncture needle 30 comprises a hollow needle 31 and an inner needle32 slidably contacted with an inner wall of the hollow needle 31. On aone edge portion of the puncture needle 30, as shown in FIG. 12, thereis provided an oscillator 40 for vibrating the inner needle 32 of thepuncture needle 30 in the longitudinal direction (an arrow Z--Zdirection shown in FIG. 13). When the oscillator 40 applies vibrationsto the inner needle 32, ultrasonic waves, which are transmitted from theultrasonic transducers 211 of the ultrasonic probe 20 and reflected onthe tip portion of the inner needle 32, are subjected to a Dopplertransition owing to vibrations of the inner needle 32. The ultrasonicwaves, which are reflected on the tip portion of the inner needle 32,while being subjected to a Doppler transition, and return to theultrasonic transducers 211, are received by the ultrasonic transducers211 in a similar fashion to that of ultrasonic waves reflected on othertissues within the subject and returned to the ultrasonic transducers211. The ultrasonic waves thus received are transferred via thetransmit-receive unit 201, the beamformer unit 203 and the Dopplersignal processing unit 206 to the color Doppler analyzing unit 402,although it is not concerned with the color display of the blood flow.The color Doppler analyzing unit 402 performs the same operation as thatof evaluating the blood flow distribution to detect a point on which theultrasonic waves are subjected to the Doppler transition, that is, thetip position of the puncture needle 30. Information representative ofthe tip position of the puncture needle 30 is fed via the CPU bus 901 tothe beam scan control unit 102. The beam scan control unit 102determines the first area 31 shown in FIGS. 7(B) and 7(C) in accordancewith the position of the tip of the puncture needle 30 so that the areanear the tip of the puncture needle 30 is of a high resolution of image.Specifically, as mentioned above, sequence data according to the tipposition of the puncture needle is read from the transmit-and-receivememory 103.

In this manner, determining the first area 31 through detection of thetip portion of the puncture needle makes it possible to control theresolution of images and the frame rate with higher level as comparedwith a case where the first area 31 is fixedly determined. And ascompared with a case where the first area 31 is set up through anoperation of the handler by an operator, it is possible to save theoperator's trouble thereby improving the operability.

It is acceptable that positional information of the tip of the punctureneedle 30 is used for a designation of an ROI (region of interest) ofthe enlarged image. To practice the puncture technology, what isimportant is image information as to the tip vicinities of the punctureneedle 30. Automatically determining an ROI (region of interest) of theenlarged image so as to always include the tip position of the punctureneedle 30 makes it possible to always provide a display easy to see withan enlargement of the tip vicinities of the puncture needle 30, alsowhile the puncture needle 30 is being introduced.

FIG. 14 is a typical sectional view of the internal structure of aportion encircled by a circle B shown in FIG. 7(A), of a guide member22.

When the puncture needle 30 is inserted into the guide passage 22a forguiding the puncture needle 30, which is provided on the guide member22, the puncture needle 30 is put between two roller 22b₋₋ 1 and 22b₋₋ 2and introduced into the subject, while the two roller 22b₋₋ 1 and 22b₋₋2 rotate in arrow directions shown in FIG. 14, respectively. Coupled toone of the two roller 22b₋₋ 1 and 22b₋₋ 2, that is, the roller 22b₋₋ 1is a potentiometer 23 for measuring an amount of rotation of the roller22b₋₋ 1. Thus, the use of the potentiometer 23 makes it possible toidentify how long the puncture needle 30 is introduced into the subject.An output of the potentiometer 23 is transferred via the control line207, the control interface unit 204 and the CPU bus 901 to the controlunit 100, and is used for an ROI designation in case of the designationof the first area and the enlargement of images shown in FIGS. 7(B) and7(C), as a scheme taking the place of the scheme of directly detectingthe tip position of the puncture needle 30, explained referring to FIGS.12 and 13.

FIGS. 15(A) and 15(B) are views each showing a frequency distribution ofultrasonic beams transmitted from the ultrasonic transducers into thesubject. In FIGS. 15(A) and 15(B), the axis of abscissas and the axis ofordinates stand for a frequency f of ultrasonic waves and a power P ofthe frequency, respectively.

In comparison of FIG. 15(A) with FIG. 15(B), it would be understood thatthe center frequency f₀ is set up to the higher frequency side in FIG.15(A) than FIG. 15(B). A control of the center frequency f₀ is performedby means of controlling a pulse width and a repetitive period of thehigh voltage pulses to be applied to the ultrasonic transducers 211, asexplained referring to FIGS. 4(A) and 4(B).

Here, in combination of the control of the center frequency f₀ with thescheme of detecting the tip position of the puncture needle 30,explained referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, when the tip of the punctureneedle 30 is located at the relatively shallow position of the subject,there is performed transmit-and-receive of ultrasonic waves in which thecenter frequency f₀ is set up to the higher frequency side as shown inFIG. 15(A). As the tip of the puncture needle 30 is introduced deeplyinto the subject, there is performed transmit-and-receive of ultrasonicwaves in which the center frequency f₀ is set up to the lower frequencyside as shown in FIG. 15(B). While the use of the high frequency ofultrasonic waves makes it possible to obtain a high resolution of image,this involves an extreme attenuation, so that only the relativelyshallower area of the subject can be simply observed. On the other hand,while the use of the low frequency of ultrasonic waves makes it possibleto travel up to the deep area of the subject, it is worse in resolutionas compared with the high frequency of ultrasonic waves. In view of theforegoing, according to the present embodiment, the use of ultrasonicwaves having a frequency according to the position of the tip of thepuncture needle 30 makes it possible to obtain a high resolution ofimage in accordance with the depth position of the tip of the punctureneedle.

With respect to the tip position of the puncture needle and thefrequency of ultrasonic waves to be used for transmit-and-receive, it isacceptable that the relationship between those is determined beforehandand stored in the transmit-and-receive memory 103, and the high voltagepulse to be applied to the ultrasonic transducers 211 is controlled onthe basis of data read out from the transmit-and-receive memory 103 inaccordance with the tip position of the puncture needle, alternativelyit is acceptable that the relationship between the tip position of thepuncture needle and the frequency of ultrasonic waves to be used fortransmit-and-receive is provided beforehand in the form of the relation,and a frequency is determined by operation in accordance withinformation as to the tip position of the puncture needle, and then thehigh voltage pulse is controlled so that the ultrasonic waves having thefrequency thus determined are transmitted and received.

While the embodiment has been described in such a manner that the schemeexplained referring to FIGS. 12 and 13 is adopted to identify theposition of the tip of the puncture needle, it is acceptable that thelength of an insertion of the puncture needle 30 is measured asexplained referring to FIG. 14, and the frequency of ultrasonic waves tobe used for transmit-and-receive is altered in accordance with arelation with the length of the insertion thus measured.

FIGS. 16(A) and 16(B) are views each showing a period of transmission ofultrasonic beams transmitted from the ultrasonic transducers into thesubject. In FIGS. 16(A) and 16(B), the axis of abscissas stands for atime axis t and it is assumed that ultrasonic beams are transmittedtoward the inside of the subject at the respective times t₀, t₁, t₂, t₃,. . . .

Here, in combination of the transmission of the ultrasonic beams withthe scheme of detecting the tip position of the puncture needle 30,explained referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, when the tip of the punctureneedle 30 is located at the relatively shallow position of the subject,there is performed transmit-and-receive of ultrasonic beams at a shortperiod as shown in FIG. 16(A). As the tip of the puncture needle 30 isintroduced deeply into the subject, the intervals of thetransmit-and-receive of ultrasonic beams are spread as shown in FIG.16(B).

As mentioned above, ultrasonic waves slowly travel within the subject ascompared with a velocity of a signal processing. Consequently, when theshallow area of the subject is to be observed, it is possible to narrowthe period of the transmit-and-receive of ultrasonic beams as shown inFIG. 16(A). And there is a need to provide a longer period of thetransmit-and-receive of ultrasonic beams, as it is intended to observethe deeper area within the subject.

Providing a short period of the transmit-and-receive of ultrasonic beamspermits a lot of number of times of transmit-and-receive to be performedwithin the same time. This feature makes it possible to improve theresolution by providing the closer intervals of the scanning lines, andalso to improve the tracking ability to a quick motion by increasing theframe rate.

In view of the foregoing, according to the present embodiment,ultrasonic beams are transmitted and received at the period according tothe position of the tip of the puncture needle. This feature makes itpossible to balance between the resolution and the frame rate at apossible high dimension in accordance with the depth position of the tipof the puncture needle.

It is acceptable that the relationship between the tip position of thepuncture needle and the period of the transmit-and-receive of ultrasonicbeams is kept being stored in the transmit-and-receive memory 103 shownin FIG. 12, and the transmit-receive unit 201 is controlled on the basisof data representative of the associated period of thetransmit-and-receive read out from the transmit-and-receive memory 103in accordance with the tip position of the puncture needle,alternatively it is acceptable that the relationship between the tipposition of the puncture needle and the period of thetransmit-and-receive of ultrasonic beams is provided beforehand in theform of the relation, and a period of the transmit-and-receive ofultrasonic beams is determined by operation in accordance withinformation as to the tip position of the puncture needle, and then thetransmit-receive unit 201 is controlled on the basis of data thusobtained by the operation.

While the embodiment has been described in such a manner that the schemeexplained referring to FIGS. 12 and 13 is adopted to identify theposition of the tip of the puncture needle, it is acceptable that thelength of an insertion of the puncture needle 30 is measured asexplained referring to FIG. 14, and the period of thetransmit-and-receive of ultrasonic beams is altered in accordance with arelation with the length of the insertion thus measured.

FIGS. 17(A) and 17(B) are illustrations each showing a beamconfiguration of ultrasonic beams. It is assumed that the transmittingultrasonic beams and the received ultrasonic beam have the same beamconfiguration, and they will be explained without a particulardistinction therebetween.

FIG. 17(A) shows an ultrasonic beam wherein a focus F, in which the beamis narrowed in diameter to the least, is formed at the relativelyshallow site within the subject 1. FIG. 17(B) shows an ultrasonic beamwherein a focus F is formed at the relatively deep site within thesubject 1. Since the beam diameter of the ultrasonic beam is fine in thevicinity of the focus F, it is possible to obtain a high resolution ofimage by the corresponding. Incidentally, the configuration of theultrasonic beams can be controlled in accordance with the techniqueexplained referring to FIG. 3, FIGS. 4(A)-4(B), FIG. 5, and FIGS.6(A)-6(C).

Here, in combination of the configuration of the ultrasonic beams withthe scheme of detecting the tip position of the puncture needle 30,explained referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, when the tip of the punctureneedle 30 is located at the relatively shallow position of the subject,there is formed an ultrasonic beam having a focus at the shallow site.As the tip of the puncture needle 30 is introduced deeply into thesubject, there is formed an ultrasonic beam having a focus at the deepersite.

As mentioned above, an alteration of the focus position of theultrasonic beam is performed in accordance with the selected one fromamong a lot of scanning line data stored in the transmit-and-receivememory 103 shown in FIG. 1.

In this manner, according to the present embodiment, there is formed anultrasonic beam having the focus at the site according to the tipposition of the puncture needle 30. This feature makes it possible toobtain a high resolution of image suitable for the puncture technique.

While the embodiment has been described in such a manner that the schemeexplained referring to FIGS. 12 and 13 is adopted to identify theposition of the tip of the puncture needle, it is acceptable that thescheme of measuring the length of an insertion of the puncture needle30, as explained referring to FIG. 14, is adopted and the site of thefocus of the ultrasonic beam is altered in accordance with a relationwith the length of the insertion measured.

While there has been described technologies of altering a frequency ofultrasonic waves, a period of transmit-and-receive of ultrasonic beamsand a focus position of an ultrasonic beam in accordance with theposition of the tip of the puncture needle 30 or the length of theinsertion of the puncture needle 30, in conjunction with FIGS.15(A)-15(B), FIGS. 16(A)-16(B) and FIGS. 17(A)-17(B), respectively, itis acceptable that those are implemented independently of one another,alternatively a plurality of ones of those technologies are selectivelycombined with each other and implemented in their combinationsimultaneously. Further, it is acceptable that those technologies areselectively combined with the various types of technologies previouslyexplained, for example, an alteration of the density of the scanningline, setting up of the enlarged area, etc., and then implemented.

FIG. 18 is a view showing a two-dimensional arrangement of ultrasonictransducers.

According to the above explanation, the ultrasonic transducers 211provided on the ultrasonic probe 20 are essentially arranged as acircular arc on a line, while it is not particularly restricted. But itis acceptable that the ultrasonic transducers 211 are arranged on atwo-dimensional basis. FIG. 18 shows ultrasonic transducers 211 arrangedon a two-dimensional basis in an X-direction and a Y-direction.

FIG. 19 is a view showing a scanning area associated with the scan usingan ultrasonic probe having a two-dimensional arrangement of ultrasonictransducers as shown in FIG. 18.

In this case, the inside of the subject is scanned in not only an X--Xdirection, but also a Y--Y direction, so that a three-dimensionalscanning area 3 as shown in FIG. 19 is obtained.

FIG. 20 is a view representative of a three-dimensional image in which adepth is expressed.

In association with that a three-dimensional scanning area 3 as shown inFIG. 19 is obtained, a three-dimensional tomographic image within thesubject can be displayed.

When the puncture needle is introduced into the subject, it happens thatthe puncture needle does not always travel along a predeterminedpassage, but makes a turn owing to a difference between tissues intoughness at the boundary of tissues within the subject, and travelsalong a path out of the predetermined passage. In addition, it happensthat the path out of the predetermined passage is concerned with aY-direction not restricted to an X-Y plane shown in FIG. 19. In such acase, simply displaying the two-dimensional tomographic image may invitesuch a result that the tip of the puncture needle is out of thedisplayed image and thus an operator cannot sufficiently observe the tipof the puncture needle. For these reasons, there is used the ultrasonicprobe in which the ultrasonic transducers 211 are arranged on atwo-dimensional basis, as shown in FIG. 18, so that thethree-dimensional scanning area 3 as shown in FIG. 19 is obtained, andthe three-dimensional image as shown in FIG. 20 is displayed. Thisfeature makes it possible to exactly observe the tip of the punctureneedle, even if the tip of the puncture needle makes a turn in anydirection, so as to take a care of not injuring other tissues.

Incidentally, since it takes a lot of time for a generation of athree-dimensional image, it is preferable that the three-dimensionalimage is produced only on the vicinity of tip of the puncture needle. Asa technology of restricting the image generating area to the vicinity ofthe of tip of the puncture needle, it is possible to adopt the scheme ofthe ROI designation for enlarged images, as previously explained, as itis.

Further, the various technologies previously explained are applicablealso to the cases of a generation of three-dimensional images explainedreferring to the FIG. 19 to FIG. 20, in their present form, as far asthey are not in conflict with their nature.

Incidentally, according to the above-mentioned embodiments in itsentirety, while there is adopted an ultrasonic probe in which aplurality of ultrasonic transducers are arranged, it is to be noted thatthere is also known such a technology that regarding the ultrasonicdiagnostic apparatus, instead of providing a plurality of ultrasonictransducers, a single ultrasonic transducer having an acoustic lens on afront is provided, and while the ultrasonic transducer is mechanicallymoved on a one-dimensional basis or a two-dimensional basis, ultrasonicwaves are transmitted and received thereby scanning the inside of thesubject with the ultrasonic waves. Also in the present invention, it isacceptable that such a technology is adopted to implement various sortsof technologies as previously explained as far as they are not conflictwith their nature. As a case where it is conflict with its nature, itwill be considered that, for example, in the event that this technologyis adopted, the acoustic lens is fixed in its focus and then it isdifficult to implement such a scheme that a focus is varied inaccordance with a site of the tip of the puncture needle.

As mentioned above, according to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus ofthe present invention, it is possible to produce images suitable for thepuncture technique.

While the present invention has been described with reference to theparticular illustrative embodiments, it is not to be restricted by thoseembodiments but only by the appended claims. It is to be appreciatedthat those skilled in the art can change or modify the embodimentswithout departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

I claim:
 1. An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in which transmission andreception of ultrasonic beams along a plurality of scanning linesextending to an inside of a subject are repeatedly performed to scan theinside of the subject, and an image on a scanning area defined by theplurality of scanning lines is produced in accordance with a receivedsignal obtained by the scanning, said ultrasonic diagnostic apparatuscomprising:an ultrasonic probe having a main frame having at least oneultrasonic transducer put to the subject to perform transmission ofultrasonic waves into the subject and reception of ultrasonic wavesreflected within the subject, and a guide member for guiding a punctureneedle introduced into the subject; a transmit-receive unit for drivingsaid at least one ultrasonic transducer to sequentially generateultrasonic waves travelling along the plurality of scanning lines, andderiving received signals by means of receiving by said at least oneultrasonic transducer ultrasonic waves reflected within the subject andreturned to said at least one ultrasonic transducer; and an imageproducing unit for producing an image based on the received signal,wherein said transmit-receive unit has a first transmit-receive mode inwhich said scanning area is scanned with a predetermined scanningdensity, and a second transmit-receive mode in which, of said scanningarea, a predetermined first area including a part or a whole of apassage of the puncture needle is scanned with a scanning density higherthan that of a second area, excepting the first area, of said scanningarea, and wherein said guide member is detachably loaded onto said mainframe, said ultrasonic probe has a sensor for detecting whether saidguide member is loaded onto said main frame, and said transmit-receiveunit is switched in an operation mode between the first transmit-receivemode and the second transmit-receive mode according as a loading of saidguide member onto said main frame is detected by said sensor or not. 2.An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein saidsensor detects whether said guide member is loaded onto said main frame,and in addition identifies a type of the guide member loaded onto themain frame, andsaid transmit-receive unit sets up the first area inaccordance with the type of the guide member.
 3. An ultrasonicdiagnostic apparatus in which transmission and reception of ultrasonicbeams along a plurality of scanning lines extending to an inside of asubject are repeatedly performed to scan the inside of the subject, andan image on a scanning area defined by the plurality of scanning linesis produced in accordance with a received signal obtained by thescanning, said ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:an ultrasonicprobe having a main frame having at least one ultrasonic transducer putto the subject to perform transmission of ultrasonic waves into thesubject and reception of ultrasonic waves reflected within the subject,and a guide member for guiding a puncture needle introduced into thesubject; a transmit-receive unit for driving said at least oneultrasonic transducer to sequentially generate ultrasonic wavestravelling along the plurality of scanning lines, and deriving receivedsignals by means of receiving by said at least one ultrasonic transducerultrasonic waves reflected within the subject and returned to said atleast one ultrasonic transducer; and an image producing unit forproducing an image based on the received signal, wherein saidtransmit-receive unit has a first transmit-receive mode in which saidscanning area is scanned with a predetermined scanning density, and asecond transmit-receive mode in which, of said scanning area, apredetermined first area including a part or a whole of a passage of thepuncture needle is scanned with a scanning density higher than that ofthe first transmit-receive mode, and wherein said guide member isdetachably loaded onto said main frame, said ultrasonic probe has asensor for detecting whether said guide member is loaded onto said mainframe, and said transmit-receive unit is switched in an operation modebetween the first transmit-receive mode and the second transmit-receivemode according as a loading of said guide member onto said main frame isdetected by said sensor or not.
 4. An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatusaccording to claim 3, wherein said sensor detects whether said guidemember is loaded onto said main frame, and in addition identifies a typeof the guide member loaded onto the main frame, andsaid transmit-receiveunit sets up the first area in accordance with the type of the guidemember.
 5. An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in which transmission andreception of ultrasonic beams along a plurality of scanning linesextending to an inside of a subject are repeatedly performed to scan theinside of the subject, and an image on a scanning area defined by theplurality of scanning lines is produced in accordance with a receivedsignal obtained by the scanning, said ultrasonic diagnostic apparatuscomprising:an ultrasonic probe having a main frame having at least oneultrasonic transducer put to the subject to perform transmission ofultrasonic waves into the subject and reception of ultrasonic wavesreflected within the subject, and a guide member for guiding a punctureneedle introduced into the subject; a transmit-receive unit for drivingsaid at least one ultrasonic transducer to sequentially generateultrasonic waves travelling along the plurality of scanning lines, andderiving received signals by means of receiving by said at least oneultrasonic transducer ultrasonic waves reflected within the subject andreturned to said at least one ultrasonic transducer; and an imageproducing unit for producing an image based on the received signal,wherein said transmit-receive unit has a first transmit-receive mode inwhich said scanning area is scanned with a predetermined scanningdensity, and a second transmit-receive mode in which, of said scanningarea, a predetermined first area including a part or a whole of apassage of the puncture needle is scanned with a scanning density higherthan that of a second area, excepting the first area, of said scanningarea, and wherein said image producing unit has a function ofsuperimposing a figure representative of the passage of the punctureneedle on an image based on the received signal, said ultrasonicdiagnostic apparatus has a figure superimposing selection handler forperforming a selection as to whether the figure is to be superimposed onthe image, and said transmit-receive unit is switched in an operationmode between the first transmit-receive mode and the secondtransmit-receive mode according as said figure superimposing selectionhandler selects a state that the figure is to be superimposed on theimage, or not.
 6. An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in whichtransmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along a plurality ofscanning lines extending to an inside of a subject are repeatedlyperformed to scan the inside of the subject, and an image on a scanningarea defined by the plurality of scanning lines is produced inaccordance with a received signal obtained by the scanning, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:an ultrasonic probe having amain frame having at least one ultrasonic transducer put to the subjectto perform transmission of ultrasonic waves into the subject andreception of ultrasonic waves reflected within the subject, and a guidemember for guiding a puncture needle introduced into the subject; atransmit-receive unit for driving said at least one ultrasonictransducer to sequentially generate ultrasonic waves travelling alongthe plurality of scanning lines, and deriving received signals by meansof receiving by said at least one ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic wavesreflected within the subject and returned to said at least oneultrasonic transducer; and an image producing unit for producing animage based on the received signal, wherein said transmit-receive unithas a first transmit-receive mode in which said scanning area is scannedwith a predetermined scanning density, and a second transmit-receivemode in which, of said scanning area, a predetermined first areaincluding a part or a whole of a passage of the puncture needle isscanned with a scanning density higher than that of the firsttransmit-receive mode, and wherein said image producing unit has afunction of superimposing a figure representative of the passage of thepuncture needle on an image based on the received signal, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus has a figure superimposing selectionhandler for performing a selection as to whether the figure is to besuperimposed on the image, and said transmit-receive unit is switched inan operation mode between the first transmit-receive mode and the secondtransmit-receive mode according as said figure superimposing selectionhandler selects a state that the figure is to be superimposed on theimage, or not.
 7. An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in whichtransmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along a plurality ofscanning lines extending to an inside of a subject are repeatedlyperformed to scan the inside of the subject, and an image on a scanningarea defined by the plurality of scanning lines is produced inaccordance with a received signal obtained by the scanning, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:an ultrasonic probe having amain frame having at least one ultrasonic transducer put to the subjectto perform transmission of ultrasonic waves into the subject andreception of ultrasonic waves reflected within the subject, and a guidemember for guiding a puncture needle introduced into the subject; atransmit-receive unit for driving said at least one ultrasonictransducer to sequentially generate ultrasonic waves travelling alongthe plurality of scanning lines, and deriving received signals by meansof receiving by said at least one ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic wavesreflected within the subject and returned to said at least oneultrasonic transducer; and an image producing unit for producing animage based on the received signal, wherein said transmit-receive unithas a first transmit-receive mode in which said scanning area is scannedwith a predetermined scanning density, and a second transmit-receivemode in which, of said scanning area, a predetermined first areaincluding a part or a whole of a passage of the puncture needle isscanned with a scanning density higher than that of a second area,excepting the first area, of said scanning area, wherein said imageproducing unit has a first image producing mode for producing a firstimage representative of the whole area of said scanning area, and asecond image producing mode for producing a second image representativeof an enlarged area consisting of a partial area including at least partof the passage of the puncture needle, of said scanning area, or anenlarged area consisting of the whole area of said scanning area, a sizeper unit area within the subject of the second image being enlarged morethan the first image, and wherein said guide member is detachably loadedonto said main frame, said ultrasonic probe has a sensor for detectingwhether said guide member is loaded onto said main frame, and said imageproducing unit is switched in an operation mode between the first imageproducing mode and the second image producing mode according as aloading of said guide member onto said main frame is detected by saidsensor or not.
 8. An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in whichtransmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along a plurality ofscanning lines extending to an inside of a subject are repeatedlyperformed to scan the inside of the subject, and an image on a scanningarea defined by the plurality of scanning lines is produced inaccordance with a received signal obtained by the scanning, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:an ultrasonic probe having amain frame having at least one ultrasonic transducer put to the subjectto perform transmission of ultrasonic waves into the subject andreception of ultrasonic waves reflected within the subject, and a guidemember for guiding a puncture needle introduced into the subject; atransmit-receive unit for driving said at least one ultrasonictransducer to sequentially generate ultrasonic waves travelling alongthe plurality of scanning lines, and deriving received signals by meansof receiving by said at least one ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic wavesreflected within the subject and returned to said at least oneultrasonic transducer; and an image producing unit for producing animage based on the received signal, wherein said transmit-receive unithas a first transmit-receive mode in which said scanning area is scannedwith a predetermined scanning density, and a second transmit-receivemode in which, of said scanning area, a predetermined first areaincluding a part or a whole of a passage of the puncture needle isscanned with a scanning density higher than that of the firsttransmit-receive mode, wherein said image producing unit has a firstimage producing mode for producing a first image representative of thewhole area of said scanning area, and a second image producing mode forproducing a second image representative of an enlarged area consistingof a partial area including at least part of the passage of the punctureneedle, of said scanning area, or an enlarged area consisting of thewhole area of said scanning area, a size per unit area within thesubject of the second image being enlarged more than the first image,wherein said guide member is detachably loaded onto said main frame,said ultrasonic probe has a sensor for detecting whether said guidemember is loaded onto said main frame, and said image producing unit isswitched in an operation mode between the first image producing mode andthe second image producing mode according as a loading of said guidemember onto said main frame is detected by said sensor or not.
 9. Anultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in which transmission and reception ofultrasonic beams along a plurality of scanning lines extending to aninside of a subject are repeatedly performed to scan the inside of thesubject, and an image on a scanning area defined by the plurality ofscanning lines is produced in accordance with a received signal obtainedby the scanning, said ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:anultrasonic probe having a main frame having at least one ultrasonictransducer put to the subject to perform transmission of ultrasonicwaves into the subject and reception of ultrasonic waves reflectedwithin the subject, and a guide member for guiding a puncture needleintroduced into the subject; a transmit-receive unit for driving said atleast one ultrasonic transducer to sequentially generate ultrasonicwaves travelling along the plurality of scanning lines, and derivingreceived signals by means of receiving by said at least one ultrasonictransducer ultrasonic waves reflected within the subject and returned tosaid at least one ultrasonic transducer; and an image producing unit forproducing an image based on the received signal, wherein saidtransmit-receive unit has a first transmit-receive mode in which saidscanning area is scanned with a predetermined scanning density, and asecond transmit-receive mode in which, of said scanning area, apredetermined first area including a part or a whole of a passage of thepuncture needle is scanned with a scanning density higher than that of asecond area, excepting the first area, of said scanning area, whereinsaid image producing unit has a first image producing mode for producinga first image representative of the whole area of said scanning area,and a second image producing mode for producing a second imagerepresentative of an enlarged area consisting of a partial areaincluding at least part of the passage of the puncture needle, of saidscanning area, or an enlarged area consisting of the whole area of saidscanning area, a size per unit area within the subject of the secondimage being enlarged more than the first image, and wherein said sensordetects whether said guide member is loaded onto said main frame, and inaddition identifies a type of the guide member loaded onto the mainframe, and said image producing unit sets up the enlarged area inaccordance with the type of the guide member.
 10. An ultrasonicdiagnostic apparatus in which transmission and reception of ultrasonicbeams along a plurality of scanning lines extending to an inside of asubject are repeatedly performed to scan the inside of the subject, andan image on a scanning area defined by the plurality of scanning linesis produced in accordance with a received signal obtained by thescanning, said ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:an ultrasonicprobe having a main frame having at least one ultrasonic transducer putto the subject to perform transmission of ultrasonic waves into thesubject and reception of ultrasonic waves reflected within the subject,and a guide member for guiding a puncture needle introduced into thesubject; a transmit-receive unit for driving said at least oneultrasonic transducer to sequentially generate ultrasonic wavestravelling along the plurality of scanning lines, and deriving receivedsignals by means of receiving by said at least one ultrasonic transducerultrasonic waves reflected within the subject and returned to said atleast one ultrasonic transducer; and an image producing unit forproducing an image based on the received signal, wherein saidtransmit-receive unit has a first transmit-receive mode in which saidscanning area is scanned with a predetermined scanning density, and asecond transmit-receive mode in which, of said scanning area, apredetermined first area including a part or a whole of a passage of thepuncture needle is scanned with a scanning density higher than that ofthe first transmit-receive mode, wherein said image producing unit has afirst image producing mode for producing a first image representative ofthe whole area of said scanning area, and a second image producing modefor producing a second image representative of an enlarged areaconsisting of a partial area including at least part of the passage ofthe puncture needle, of said scanning area, or an enlarged areaconsisting of the whole area of said scanning area, a size per unit areawithin the subject of the second image being enlarged more than thefirst image, and wherein said sensor detects whether said guide memberis loaded onto said main frame, and in addition identifies a type of theguide member loaded onto the main frame, and said image producing unitsets up the enlarged area in accordance with the type of the guidemember.
 11. An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in which transmission andreception of ultrasonic beams along a plurality of scanning linesextending to an inside of a subject are repeatedly performed to scan theinside of the subject, and an image on a scanning area defined by theplurality of scanning lines is produced in accordance with a receivedsignal obtained by the scanning, said ultrasonic diagnostic apparatuscomprising:an ultrasonic probe having a main frame having at least oneultrasonic transducer put to the subject to perform transmission ofultrasonic waves into the subject and reception of ultrasonic wavesreflected within the subject, and a guide member for guiding a punctureneedle introduced into the subject: a transmit-receive unit for drivingsaid at least one ultrasonic transducer to sequentially generateultrasonic waves travelling along the plurality of scanning lines, andderiving received signals by means of receiving by said at least oneultrasonic transducer ultrasonic waves reflected within the subject andreturned to said at least one ultrasonic transducer; and an imageproducing unit for producing an image based on the received signal,wherein said transmit-receive unit has a first transmit-receive mode inwhich said scanning area is scanned with a predetermined scanningdensity, and a second transmit-receive mode in which, of said scanningarea, a predetermined first area including a part or a whole of apassage of the puncture needle is scanned with a scanning density higherthan that of a second area, excepting the first area, of said scanningarea, wherein said image producing unit has a first image producing modefor producing a first image representative of the whole area of saidscanning area, and a second image producing mode for producing a secondimage representative of an enlarged area consisting of a partial areaincluding at least part of the passage of the puncture needle, of saidscanning area, or an enlarged area consisting of the whole area of saidscanning area, a size per unit area within the subject of the secondimage being enlarged more than the first image, and wherein said imageproducing unit has a function of superimposing a figure representativeof the passage of the puncture needle on an image based on the receivedsignal, said ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus has a figure superimposingselection handler for performing a selection as to whether the figure isto be superimposed on the image, and said image producing unit isswitched in an operation mode between the first image producing mode andthe second image producing mode according as said figure superimposingselection handler selects a state that the figure is to be superimposedon the image, or not.
 12. An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in whichtransmission and reception of ultrasonic beams along a plurality ofscanning lines extending to an inside of a subject are repeatedlyperformed to scan the inside of the subject, and an image on a scanningarea defined by the plurality of scanning lines is produced inaccordance with a received signal obtained by the scanning, saidultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprising:an ultrasonic probe having amain frame having at least one ultrasonic transducer put to the subjectto perform transmission of ultrasonic waves into the subject andreception of ultrasonic waves reflected within the subject, and a guidemember for guiding a puncture needle introduced into the subject; atransmit-receive unit for driving said at least one ultrasonictransducer to sequentially generate ultrasonic waves travelling alongthe plurality of scanning lines, and deriving received signals by meansof receiving by said at least one ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic wavesreflected within the subject and returned to said at least oneultrasonic transducer; and an image producing unit for producing animage based on the received signal, wherein said transmit-receive unithas a first transmit-receive mode in which said scanning area is scannedwith a predetermined scanning density, and a second transmit-receivemode in which, of said scanning area, a predetermined first areaincluding a part or a whole of a passage of the puncture needle isscanned with a scanning density higher than that of the firsttransmit-receive mode, wherein said image producing unit has a firstimage producing mode for producing a first image representative of thewhole area of said scanning area, and a second image producing mode forproducing a second image representative of an enlarged area consistingof a partial area including at least part of the passage of the punctureneedle, of said scanning area, or an enlarged area consisting of thewhole area of said scanning area, a size per unit area within thesubject of the second image being enlarged more than the first image,and wherein said image producing unit has a function of superimposing afigure representative of the passage of the puncture needle on an imagebased on the received signal, said ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus has afigure superimposing selection handler for performing a selection as towhether the figure is to be superimposed on the image, and said imageproducing unit is switched in an operation mode between the first imageproducing mode and the second image producing mode according as saidfigure superimposing selection handler selects a state that the figureis to be superimposed on the image, or not.